Luo Zichao, Ang Melgious Jin Yan, Chan Siew Yin, Yi Zhigao, Goh Yi Yiing, Yan Shuangqian, Tao Jun, Liu Kai, Li Xiaosong, Zhang Hongjie, Huang Wei, Liu Xiaogang
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
Research (Wash D C). 2020 Jun 16;2020:6925296. doi: 10.34133/2020/6925296. eCollection 2020.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, known as 2019-nCoV, a pandemic, as the coronavirus has now infected over 2.6 million people globally and caused more than 185,000 fatalities as of April 23, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a respiratory illness with symptoms such as dry cough, fever, sudden loss of smell, and, in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. To date, there is no specific vaccine or treatment proven effective against this viral disease. Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is thus critical to curbing its spread and improving health outcomes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is commonly used to detect the presence of COVID-19. Other techniques, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and microfluidics, have allowed better disease diagnosis. Here, as part of the effort to expand screening capacity, we review advances and challenges in the rapid detection of COVID-19 by targeting nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies. We also summarize potential treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 and discuss ongoing clinical trials of interventions to reduce viral progression.
世界卫生组织（WHO）已宣布2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）疫情为大流行，截至2020年4月23日，该冠状病毒已在全球感染超过260万人，并导致超过18.5万人死亡。2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）引发一种呼吸系统疾病，症状包括干咳、发烧、突然嗅觉丧失，在更严重的情况下会出现呼吸困难。迄今为止，尚无经证实对这种病毒性疾病有效的特定疫苗或治疗方法。因此，COVID-19的早期准确诊断对于遏制其传播和改善健康结果至关重要。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）常用于检测COVID-19的存在。其他技术，如重组酶聚合酶扩增（RPA）、环介导等温扩增（LAMP）、成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）和微流体技术，已实现更好的疾病诊断。在此，作为扩大筛查能力努力的一部分，我们综述了通过靶向核酸、抗原或抗体快速检测COVID-19方面的进展和挑战。我们还总结了针对COVID-19的潜在治疗方法和疫苗，并讨论了正在进行的减少病毒进展干预措施的临床试验。
