Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2020 Sep 15;515:110930. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110930. Epub 2020 Jun 28.
Progesterone, a critical hormone in reproduction, is a key sex steroid in the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy and serves as an intermediary for synthesis of other steroid hormones. Progesterone production from the corpus luteum is a tightly regulated process which is stimulated and maintained by multiple factors, both systemic and local. Multiple regulatory systems, including classic mediators of gonadotropin stimulation such as the cAMP/PKA pathway and TGFβ-mediated signaling pathways, as well as local production of hormonal factors, exist to promote granulosa cell function and physiological fine-tuning of progesterone levels. In this manuscript, we provide an updated narrative review of the known mediators of human luteal progesterone and highlight new observations regarding this important process, focusing on studies published within the last five years. We will also review recent evidence suggesting that this complex system of progesterone production is sensitive to disruption by exogenous environmental chemicals that can mimic or interfere with the activities of endogenous hormones.
孕激素是生殖过程中的关键激素，是建立和维持早期妊娠的主要甾体激素，并作为合成其他甾体激素的中介。黄体分泌孕激素的过程受到多种因素的严格调控，这些因素既有全身性的，也有局部性的。存在多种调节系统，包括经典的促性腺激素刺激介质，如 cAMP/PKA 途径和 TGFβ介导的信号通路，以及局部产生的激素因子，以促进颗粒细胞功能和孕激素水平的生理微调。在本文中，我们提供了一个关于人类黄体孕激素已知介质的更新叙述性综述，并强调了关于这个重要过程的新观察结果，重点是最近五年内发表的研究。我们还将回顾最近的证据，表明这种复杂的孕激素产生系统对外源性环境化学物质的干扰很敏感，这些化学物质可以模拟或干扰内源性激素的活性。
