Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA.
Center for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Biosoc Sci. 2021 Jul;53(4):522-530. doi: 10.1017/S0021932020000346. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
This cross-sectional study investigated the factors associated with hypertension among Nepalese adults aged 18 years or above using data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using log-binomial regression and logistic regression, respectively. Initially, unadjusted PRs and ORs were obtained. The variables that yielded a significance level below 0.2 in unadjusted analyses were included in the multivariable analysis. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the 13,393 participants (58% male and 61.2% urban) was 21.1% (n = 2827). In the adjusted analysis, those aged 30-49 years (adjusted PR [APR]: 3.1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.7; adjusted OR [AOR]: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.9, 4.5), 50-69 years (APR: 5.3, 95% CI: 4.4, 6.6; AOR: 8.2, 95% CI: 6.4, 10.4) and ≥70 years (APR: 7.3, 95% CI: 5.8, 9.2; AOR: 13.6, 95% CI: 10.1, 18.3) were more likely to be hypertensive than younger participants aged 18-29 years. Males (APR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.4; AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 1.7), overweight/obese participants (APR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 2.0; AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 2.2, 2.8) and those in the richest wealth quintile (APR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.5; AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) had higher prevalences and odds of hypertension than their female, normal weight/underweight and poorest wealth quintile counterparts, respectively. Those residing in Province 4 (APR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5; AOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.8) and Province 5 (APR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.4; AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7) were more likely to be hypertensive than those residing in Province 1. The point estimate was inflated more in magnitude by ORs than by PRs, but the direction of association remained the same. Public health programmes in Nepal aimed at preventing hypertension should raise awareness among the elderly, males, individuals in the richest wealth quintile and the residents of Provinces 4 and 5.
本横断面研究使用 2016 年尼泊尔人口与健康调查的数据，调查了尼泊尔 18 岁及以上成年人中与高血压相关的因素。使用对数二项式回归和 logistic 回归分别获得了患病率比（PR）和优势比（OR）。最初，获得了未经调整的 PR 和 OR。在未经调整的分析中显著性水平低于 0.2 的变量被纳入多变量分析。在 13393 名参与者（58%为男性，61.2%为城市）中，高血压的总体患病率为 21.1%（n=2827）。在调整分析中，30-49 岁的人群（调整后的患病率比 [APR]：3.1，95%置信区间 [CI]：2.6，3.7；调整后的优势比 [AOR]：3.6，95%CI：2.9，4.5），50-69 岁的人群（APR：5.3，95%CI：4.4，6.6；AOR：8.2，95%CI：6.4，10.4）和≥70 岁的人群（APR：7.3，95%CI：5.8，9.2；AOR：13.6，95%CI：10.1，18.3）比 18-29 岁的年轻参与者更容易患高血压。男性（APR：1.3，95%CI：1.2，1.4；AOR：1.5，95%CI：1.3，1.7）、超重/肥胖参与者（APR：1.8，95%CI：1.7，2.0；AOR：2.4，95%CI：2.2，2.8）和最富裕的五分位数（APR：1.3，95%CI：1.1，1.5；AOR：1.5，95%CI：1.1，1.9）的高血压患病率和几率高于其女性、正常体重/体重不足和最贫穷的五分位数的对应人群。与居住在第一省的人相比，居住在第四省（APR：1.2，95%CI：1.0，1.5；AOR：1.4，95%CI：1.1，1.8）和第五省（APR：1.2，95%CI：1.0，1.4；AOR：1.3，95%CI：1.1，1.7）的人更有可能患高血压。与 PR 相比，OR 的点估计值膨胀幅度更大，但关联方向保持不变。尼泊尔旨在预防高血压的公共卫生计划应提高老年人、男性、最富裕五分位数人群以及第四和第五省居民的认识。
