Duranti R, Pantaleo T, Bellini F
Istituto di Clinica Medica III, Università degli Studi, Firenze, Italy.
Brain Res. 1988 Jun 14;452(1-2):66-72. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90009-1.
The effects of low frequency-high intensity transcutaneous and intramuscular electrical nerve stimulation (TENS and IENS, respectively) on ipsilateral muscular pain threshold were studied in healthy volunteers. The combined effects of TENS (or IENS) and vibration as well as the effects of TENS applied to contralateral regions were also investigated. Muscular pain threshold was evaluated by the subjects' verbal reports in response to electrical stimulation (wire electrodes) of the vastus medialis muscle and by the appearance of blink response (startle reaction) without habituation. TENS was generally applied to the skin overlying the same muscle, and in some instances to the skin overlying the contralateral vastus medialis or triceps muscle. IENS was performed through the same electrodes used for inducing muscular pain. Vibration was applied to the tendon of ipsilateral quadriceps femoris muscle. TENS consistently induced marked and long-lasting elevations of ipsilateral muscular pain threshold. Comparable results were obtained by IENS. TENS and vibration performed simultaneously induced increases in muscular pain threshold, which were greater than those obtained with each individual conditioning stimulation. TENS proved to be capable of enhancing muscular pain threshold even when applied to contralateral regions; however, these effects were smaller and of shorter duration. The results provide evidence that low frequency-high intensity TENS (or IENS) are effective in raising muscular pain threshold and support the hypothesis that this type of stimulation brings supraspinal control systems into action through the activation of group III afferent fibres.
在健康志愿者中研究了低频高强度经皮和肌内电神经刺激（分别为TENS和IENS）对同侧肌肉疼痛阈值的影响。还研究了TENS（或IENS）与振动的联合作用以及将TENS应用于对侧区域的效果。通过受试者对股内侧肌电刺激（线电极）的口头报告以及无习惯化的眨眼反应（惊吓反应）的出现来评估肌肉疼痛阈值。TENS通常应用于同一肌肉上方的皮肤，在某些情况下应用于对侧股内侧肌或肱三头肌上方的皮肤。IENS通过用于诱发肌肉疼痛的相同电极进行。振动应用于同侧股四头肌的肌腱。TENS持续引起同侧肌肉疼痛阈值的显著且持久的升高。IENS也获得了类似的结果。同时进行TENS和振动可引起肌肉疼痛阈值升高，这比单独进行每种条件刺激所获得的升高幅度更大。事实证明，即使将TENS应用于对侧区域，它也能够提高肌肉疼痛阈值；然而，这些效果较小且持续时间较短。这些结果提供了证据，表明低频高强度TENS（或IENS）在提高肌肉疼痛阈值方面是有效的，并支持了这种类型的刺激通过激活III类传入纤维使脊髓上控制系统发挥作用的假设。
