Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
J Periodontol. 2020 Oct;91 Suppl 1:S40-S44. doi: 10.1002/JPER.20-0090. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
Steven Offenbacher was one of the first researchers to identify periodontal disease as a risk factor for various adverse pregnancy outcomes. Cohort and case-controlled studies of pregnant women have demonstrated periodontal disease as a risk factor for preterm birth, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Periodontal therapy during the second trimester improves maternal oral health but fails to reduce the risk of preterm birth. A possible association between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes has also been reported. In one model, periodontal bacteria gain access to the systemic circulation, and thereby the placenta, resulting in local inflammation, placental dysfunction, and, consequently, adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is crucial to increase awareness of the links between maternal periodontal and adverse pregnancy outcomes and to promote oral health prophylaxis during pregnancy.
史蒂文·奥芬巴赫（Steven Offenbacher）是最早发现牙周病是各种不良妊娠结局的风险因素之一的研究人员之一。对孕妇进行的队列研究和病例对照研究表明，牙周病是早产、子痫前期和胎儿生长受限的一个风险因素。在妊娠中期进行牙周治疗可以改善孕妇的口腔健康，但并不能降低早产的风险。牙周病与妊娠期糖尿病之间也可能存在关联。在一种模型中，牙周细菌进入全身循环，从而进入胎盘，导致局部炎症、胎盘功能障碍，进而导致不良的妊娠结局。提高对母婴牙周不良与不良妊娠结局之间联系的认识，并在怀孕期间促进口腔健康预防措施至关重要。
