自我报告的口腔健康问题与组织≥75 岁社区居住老年人的口腔保健能力。
Self-reported oral health problems and the ability to organize dental care of community-dwelling elderly aged ≥75 years.
机构信息
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, NL-9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Oral Health. 2020 Jul 2;20(1):185. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01175-7.
BACKGROUND
It is unclear how many community-dwelling elderly (≥75 years) experience oral health problems (e.g. pain, dry mouth, chewing problems) and how they manage their dental care needs. This study aimed to assess self-reported oral health problems in elderly who are frail or have complex care needs, and their ability to organize dental care when reporting oral pain.
METHODS
Three thousand five hundred thirty-three community-dwelling elderly participating in the "Embrace" project were asked to complete questionnaires regarding oral status and oral health problems. Frailty was assessed with the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI). Intermed for Elderly Self-Assessment (IM-E-SA) was used to determine complexity of care needs. Next, elderly who reported oral pain were interviewed about their oral pain complaints, their need for dental care, and their ability to organize and receive dental care. For statistical analyses Chi-tests and the one-way ANOVA were used.
RESULTS
One thousand six hundred twenty-two elderly (45.9%) completed the questionnaires. Dry mouth (11.7%) and oral pain (6.2%) were most frequently reported. Among the elderly reporting oral pain, most were registered at a local dentist and could go there when needed (84.3%). Robust elderly visited the dentist independently (87%), frail (55.6%) and complex (26.9%) elderly more often required assistance from caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS
Dry mouth and oral pain are most reported oral health problems among community-dwelling elderly. Elderly with complex care needs report most oral health problems. In case an elderly seeks dental treatment to alleviate an oral pain complaint, most elderly in this study were able to organize dental care and transport to the dentist. Frail and complex elderly often need assistance from caregivers to visit the dentist. Therefore caretakers should keep in mind that when frailty progresses, visiting a dentist may become more and more difficult and the risk for poor oral health increases.
背景
目前尚不清楚有多少社区居住的老年人（≥75 岁）存在口腔健康问题（例如疼痛、口干、咀嚼问题），以及他们如何管理自己的牙科护理需求。本研究旨在评估报告口腔疼痛的体弱或有复杂护理需求的老年人的自我报告口腔健康问题及其组织牙科护理的能力。
方法
3533 名参与“拥抱”项目的社区居住老年人被要求完成有关口腔状况和口腔健康问题的问卷。使用 Groningen 虚弱指标（GFI）评估虚弱程度。使用老年人自我评估 Intermed（IM-E-SA）来确定护理需求的复杂性。然后，询问报告口腔疼痛的老年人有关他们的口腔疼痛投诉、他们对牙科护理的需求以及他们组织和接受牙科护理的能力。统计分析采用卡方检验和单因素方差分析。
结果
1622 名老年人（45.9%）完成了问卷。口干（11.7%）和口腔疼痛（6.2%）是最常报告的问题。在报告口腔疼痛的老年人中，大多数在当地牙医处登记，在需要时可以去那里（84.3%）。健壮的老年人独立去看牙医（87%），体弱（55.6%）和复杂（26.9%）的老年人更经常需要护理人员的帮助。
结论
口干和口腔疼痛是社区居住老年人最常报告的口腔健康问题。有复杂护理需求的老年人报告的口腔健康问题最多。如果老年人寻求牙科治疗以缓解口腔疼痛投诉，本研究中的大多数老年人能够组织牙科护理并前往牙医处。体弱和复杂的老年人通常需要护理人员的帮助才能去看牙医。因此，护理人员应牢记，随着虚弱程度的增加，看牙医可能会变得越来越困难，口腔健康状况恶化的风险也会增加。
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