Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; College of Pharmacy; College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
Biology Department, College of Science and Mathematics, Southwest Baptist University, Bolivar, Missouri, 65613, USA.
Sci China Life Sci. 2020 Aug;63(8):1103-1129. doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1752-1. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
Many years of fundamental studies on viral genome packaging motors have led to fruitful applications. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses package their genomes into preformed protein shells via nanomotors including several elegant and meticulous coaxial modules. The motor is geared by the hexameric RNA ring. An open washer displayed as hexametric string of phi29 motor ATPase has been reported. The open washer linked into a filament as a queue with left-handed chirality along the dsDNA chain. It was found that a free 5'- and 3'-dsDNA end is not required for one gp16 dimer and four monomers to assemble into the hexametric washer on dsDNA. The above studies have inspired several applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. These applications include: (i) studies on the precision motor channels have led to their application in the single pore sensing; (ii) investigations into the hand-in-hand integration of the hexametric pRNA ring have resulted in the emergence of the new field of RNA nanotechnology; and (iii) the studies on the motor stoichiometry of homologous multi-subunits that subsequently have inspired the discovery of new methods in highly potent drug development. This review focuses on the structure and function of the viral DNA packaging motors and describes how fundamental studies inspired various applications. Given these advantages, more nanotechnological and biomedical applications using bacteriophage motor components are expected.
多年来对病毒基因组包装马达的基础研究带来了丰硕的应用成果。双链 DNA（dsDNA）病毒通过纳米马达将其基因组包装到预先形成的蛋白质壳中，这些马达包括几个优雅而细致的同轴模块。马达由六聚体 RNA 环驱动。已经报道了一种显示为 phi29 马达 ATP 酶六聚体串的开口垫圈。开口垫圈连接成一股队列，沿着 dsDNA 链呈左手螺旋。研究发现，对于一个 gp16 二聚体和四个单体组装到 dsDNA 上的六聚体垫圈来说，不需要游离的 5'-和 3'-dsDNA 末端。上述研究激发了纳米技术和纳米医学中的几个应用。这些应用包括：（i）对精密马达通道的研究导致了它们在单孔传感中的应用；（ii）对六聚体 pRNA 环的协同集成的研究导致了 RNA 纳米技术新领域的出现；以及（iii）对同源多亚基马达的计量学的研究随后激发了高效药物开发的新方法的发现。本文综述了病毒 DNA 包装马达的结构和功能，并描述了基础研究如何激发各种应用。鉴于这些优势，预计将有更多使用噬菌体马达组件的纳米技术和生物医学应用。
