Guo Peixuan, Lee Tae Jin
Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Mol Microbiol. 2007 May;64(4):886-903. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05706.x.
While capsid proteins are assembled around single-stranded genomic DNA or RNA in rod-shaped viruses, the lengthy double-stranded genome of other viruses is packaged forcefully within a preformed protein shell. This entropically unfavourable DNA or RNA packaging is accomplished by an ATP-driven viral nanomotor, which is mainly composed of two components, the oligomerized channel and the packaging enzymes. This intriguing DNA or RNA packaging process has provoked interest among virologists, bacteriologists, biochemists, biophysicists, chemists, structural biologists and computational scientists alike, especially those interested in nanotechnology, nanomedicine, AAA+ family proteins, energy conversion, cell membrane transport, DNA or RNA replication and antiviral therapy. This review mainly focuses on the motors of double-stranded DNA viruses, but double-stranded RNA viral motors are also discussed due to interesting similarities. The novel and ingenious configuration of these nanomotors has inspired the development of biomimetics for nanodevices. Advances in structural and functional studies have increased our understanding of the molecular basis of biological movement to the point where we can begin thinking about possible applications of the viral DNA packaging motor in nanotechnology and medical applications.
在杆状病毒中，衣壳蛋白围绕单链基因组DNA或RNA组装，而其他病毒的长双链基因组则被强行包装在预先形成的蛋白质外壳内。这种熵不利的DNA或RNA包装是由ATP驱动的病毒纳米马达完成的，该纳米马达主要由两个组件组成，即寡聚化通道和包装酶。这种引人入胜的DNA或RNA包装过程引起了病毒学家、细菌学家、生物化学家、生物物理学家、化学家、结构生物学家和计算科学家的兴趣，特别是那些对纳米技术、纳米医学、AAA+家族蛋白、能量转换、细胞膜运输、DNA或RNA复制以及抗病毒治疗感兴趣的人。本综述主要关注双链DNA病毒的马达，但由于有趣的相似性，也讨论了双链RNA病毒马达。这些纳米马达新颖巧妙的结构激发了纳米器件仿生学的发展。结构和功能研究的进展使我们对生物运动的分子基础有了更多了解，以至于我们可以开始思考病毒DNA包装马达在纳米技术和医学应用中的可能应用。
