State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
Water Res. 2020 Sep 15;183:115985. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115985. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Reverse osmosis (RO) plays an important role in freshwater production. Mineral scaling is an inevitable problem in the RO desalination process. Various methods, including the pretreatment of feed water, the optimization of operational processes, the development of novel membrane materials, and the addition of antiscalants, have been developed to mitigate scale formation in RO systems. Among these methods, the addition of antiscalants is a relatively cost-effective and convenient technique for membrane scaling control. In the current work, various kinds of antiscalants, scale inhibition mechanisms, and their applications to RO membrane scaling control are reviewed. Weakness of existing antiscalants and challenge arising from their practical applications, such as membrane fouling caused by antiscalants, increased bacterial growth, dosing control, and the disposal of resultant concentrates, are also presented. To effectively alleviate scaling on RO membrane by using antiscalants, the development of novel, high-performance, and environment-friendly antiscalants on the basis of an in-depth study of the inhibition mechanisms and well-established structure-activity relationships is urgently necessary. The optimization of antiscalants and their combinations with other pretreatments in practical RO operations are essential in efficient scaling control.
反渗透（RO）在淡水生产中起着重要作用。矿物结垢是 RO 脱盐过程中不可避免的问题。已经开发了各种方法来减轻 RO 系统中的结垢问题，包括进料水的预处理、操作过程的优化、新型膜材料的开发和阻垢剂的添加。在这些方法中，添加阻垢剂是一种相对经济有效且方便的膜结垢控制技术。在当前的工作中，综述了各种阻垢剂、阻垢机理及其在 RO 膜结垢控制中的应用。还介绍了现有阻垢剂的弱点以及它们在实际应用中带来的挑战，例如阻垢剂引起的膜污染、细菌生长增加、投加控制和浓缩液的处理等。为了有效地通过使用阻垢剂来减轻 RO 膜上的结垢，迫切需要在深入研究抑制机理和成熟的结构-活性关系的基础上开发新型、高性能和环保型阻垢剂。在实际的 RO 操作中，优化阻垢剂及其与其他预处理的组合对于有效的结垢控制至关重要。
