Dugas A, Larghero J, Zérah M, Jouannic J M, Guilbaud L
Cell Therapy Unit, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, F75010, Paris, France; Université De Paris, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies and UMR 976, Inserm, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux 75010 Paris, France.
Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 Rue De Sèvres, F75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris France.
Curr Res Transl Med. 2020 Nov;68(4):183-189. doi: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.04.004. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a spinal cord congenital defect that leads to paraplegia, bladder incontinence and bowel dysfunction. A randomized human trial demonstrated that in utero surgical repair of the MMC defect improves lower limb motor function. However, functional recovery remains incomplete. Stem cell therapy has recently generated great interest in the field of prenatal repair of MMC. In this systematic review we attempt to provide an overview of the current application of stem cells in different animal models of MMC. Publications were retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. This process yielded twenty-two studies for inclusion in this review, experimenting five different types of stem cells: human embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human amniotic fluid stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Rodents and ovine were the two major species used for animal model studies. The source, the aims, and the main results were analyzed. Stem cell therapy appears to be a promising candidate for prenatal repair of MMC, especially MSCs. Further explorations in ovine and rodent models, reporting clinical and functional results, are necessary before an application in humans.
脊髓脊膜膨出（MMC）是一种脊髓先天性缺陷，可导致截瘫、膀胱失禁和肠道功能障碍。一项随机人体试验表明，在子宫内对MMC缺陷进行手术修复可改善下肢运动功能。然而，功能恢复仍然不完全。干细胞疗法最近在MMC的产前修复领域引起了极大的兴趣。在本系统评价中，我们试图概述干细胞在不同MMC动物模型中的当前应用情况。从PubMed和Cochrane图书馆数据库检索出版物。这一过程产生了22项研究纳入本评价，试验了五种不同类型的干细胞：人类胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、人类羊水干细胞和间充质干细胞（MSC）。啮齿动物和绵羊是用于动物模型研究的两个主要物种。对其来源、目的和主要结果进行了分析。干细胞疗法似乎是MMC产前修复的一个有前景的候选方法，尤其是间充质干细胞。在应用于人类之前，有必要在绵羊和啮齿动物模型中进行进一步探索，并报告临床和功能结果。
