Bee venom, adjuvant induced disease and interleukin production.

Interleukin production and the in vitro mitogenic responses from honey bee venom treated normal rat splenocytes were reduced considerably compared to controls. Addition of interleukin-1 (IL-1) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) supernatants to these cultures in vitro resulted in an increase of their responses to normal levels. These results suggest that in vivo honey bee venom treatment affects the production of IL-1 by macrophages directly. Honey bee venom treatment affects adjuvant induced disease development by inhibiting certain macrophage functions and thus indirectly inhibiting the activation of T and B cells, and possibly the activation of an endogenous virus which might be involved in adjuvant induced disease induction.