Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Ste 2200-11, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States.
Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Sep;107:104609. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104609. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against women is a complex phenomenon with long-term consequences for victims and their families.
The goals of this study are two-fold: to identify common patterns of co-occurring and/or successive experiences with IPV; and to study the association between these IPV patterns and outcomes of Early Childhood Development (ECD) among the victim's children.
Data was obtained from the 2011-12 Honduras Demographic Health Survey (DHS).
A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted to define homogeneous patterns of experiences with IPV in terms of the type, severity, timing of the last event, and perpetrator of the violence. Outcomes of interest were binary variables indicating if a child is developmentally on track according to the ECD index and its four domains. LCA with distal outcomes and multivariate logistic regressions were used to measure the association between IPV patterns and ECD outcomes.
Five patterns of lifetime experiences with IPV were identified: (1)"no violence"; (2)"physical and sexual violence by an ex-partner"; (3)"current emotional violence"; (4)"current controlling, emotional and physical violence"; and (5)"past controlling, emotional and physical violence". Multivariate results show that children were less likely to be developmentally on track if their mothers were exposed to patterns of "physical and sexual violence by an ex-partner" or "current controlling, emotional and physical violence", relative to children whose mothers had not experienced violence. Further analysis of specific ECDI domains suggested that IPV hampers children's socioemotional development, but it is not associated with other domains of ECD.
Experiencing a pattern of co-occurrent forms of IPV negatively influences ECD and the socio-emotional development of the victim's children in low and middle-income countries. This study provides initial evidence about the complexity of this phenomenon and its long-lasting sequels.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）对女性是一种复杂的现象，对受害者及其家庭具有长期影响。
本研究旨在识别共同发生和/或连续发生的 IPV 经历的常见模式；并研究这些 IPV 模式与受害者子女早期儿童发育（ECD）结果之间的关系。
数据来自 2011-12 年洪都拉斯人口健康调查（DHS）。
采用潜在类别分析（LCA）根据暴力类型、严重程度、最近一次事件的时间和施暴者来定义 IPV 经历的同质模式。感兴趣的结果是指示儿童是否根据 ECD 指数及其四个领域的发展轨迹的二项变量。使用远端结果的 LCA 和多变量逻辑回归来衡量 IPV 模式与 ECD 结果之间的关联。
确定了五种终生经历 IPV 的模式：（1）“无暴力”；（2）“前伴侣的身体和性暴力”；（3）“当前的情感暴力”；（4）“当前的控制、情感和身体暴力”；（5）“过去的控制、情感和身体暴力”。多变量结果表明，如果母亲经历过“前伴侣的身体和性暴力”或“当前的控制、情感和身体暴力”模式，其子女的发育轨迹的可能性就较小，而那些母亲没有经历过暴力的子女的可能性就较小。对 ECDI 特定领域的进一步分析表明，IPV 会阻碍儿童的社会情感发展，但与 ECD 的其他领域无关。
经历同时发生的多种形式的 IPV 会对中低收入国家的 ECD 和受害者子女的社会情感发展产生负面影响。本研究提供了关于这一现象复杂性及其长期后果的初步证据。
