Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2020 Aug;80:101875. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101875. Epub 2020 Jun 11.
Gender dysphoria is distress due to a discrepancy between one's assigned gender and gender identity. Adults who wish to access gender clinics are assessed to ensure they meet the diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria. Therefore, the definition of gender dysphoria has a significant impact on the lives of individuals who wish to undergo physical gender transition. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize all existing qualitative research literature about the lived experience of gender dysphoria in adults. A pre-planned systematic search identified 1491 papers, with 20 of those meeting full inclusion criteria, and a quality assessment of each paper was conducted. Data pertaining to the lived experience of gender dysphoria were extracted from each paper and a meta-ethnographic synthesis was conducted. Four overarching concepts were identified; distress due to dissonance of assigned and experienced gender; interface of assigned gender, gender identity and society; social consequences of gender identity; internal processing of rejection, and transphobia. A key finding was the reciprocal relationship between an individual's feelings about their gender and societal responses to transgender people. Other subthemes contributing to distress were misgendering, mismatch between gender identity and societal expectations, and hypervigilance for transphobia.
性别焦虑是指个体的性别认同与被指派的性别之间存在差异而导致的痛苦。希望寻求性别诊所帮助的成年人需要接受评估，以确保他们符合性别焦虑症的诊断标准。因此，性别焦虑症的定义对希望进行身体性别转变的个人的生活产生了重大影响。本系统评价旨在确定和综合所有关于成年人性别焦虑症的现有定性研究文献。一项预先计划的系统搜索确定了 1491 篇论文，其中 20 篇符合全部纳入标准，并对每篇论文进行了质量评估。从每篇论文中提取与性别焦虑症的生活体验相关的数据，并进行元人种学综合分析。确定了四个总体概念：由于被指派的性别和经历的性别之间的不和谐而产生的痛苦；被指派的性别、性别认同和社会的相互作用；性别认同的社会后果；对拒绝和跨性别恐惧症的内部处理。一个关键的发现是个体对自己的性别感受和社会对跨性别者的反应之间的相互关系。导致痛苦的其他次要主题包括被错误性别认定、性别认同与社会期望不匹配以及对跨性别恐惧症的高度警惕。
