Effect of Alkaline-Basic Electrolytes on the Capacitance Performance of Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Materials.

The present work explores in detail the effect of alkaline-basic electrolytes on the capacitance performance of biomass-derived carbonaceous materials used as electrodes in symmetric supercapacitors. The proof-of-concept is demonstrated by two commercial carbon products (YP-50F and YP-80F, Kuraray Europe GmbH, Vantaa, Finland), obtained from coconuts. The capacitance performance of YP-50F and YP-80F was evaluated in three types of basic electrolytes: 6 M LiOH, 6 M NaOH and 6 M KOH. It was found that the capacitance performance of YP-50F improved in the following order: NaOH < LiOH < KOH; Meanwhile, for YP-80F, the order changes to LiOH < NaOH < KOH. After 1000 cycles, the cycling stability of both YP-50F and YP-80F increased in the order NaOH < LiOH < KOH. This order of performance improvement is determined by both the electrolyte conductivity and the interaction between the functional groups of carbonaceous materials and alkaline electrolytes. The reactivity of the functional groups was assessed by postmortem SEM/EDS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the electrodes after prolonged cycling.