Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMRS-1149, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France; email:
Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2020 Sep 23;40:299-321. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-011720-122203. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disease that results from extensive resection of the intestine. When the remaining absorption surface of the intestine cannot absorb enough macronutrients, micronutrients, and water, SBS results in intestinal failure (IF). Patients with SBS who suffer from IF require parenteral nutrition for survival, but long-term parenteral nutrition may lead to complications such as catheter sepsis and metabolic diseases. Spontaneous intestinal adaptation occurs weeks to months after resection, resulting in hyperplasia of the remnant gut, modification of gut hormone levels, dysbiosis, and hyperphagia. Oral nutrition and presence of the colon are two major positive drivers for this adaptation. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spontaneous intestinal adaptation, particularly in response to modifications of luminal content, including nutrients. In the future, dietary manipulations could be used to treat SBS.
短肠综合征（SBS）是一种罕见的疾病，由肠道广泛切除引起。当肠道剩余的吸收表面无法吸收足够的宏量营养素、微量营养素和水时，就会发生 SBS 导致的肠衰竭（IF）。患有 IF 的 SBS 患者需要肠外营养才能存活，但长期肠外营养可能会导致导管感染和代谢疾病等并发症。肠切除术后数周到数月会发生自发性肠道适应，导致残留肠道增生、肠道激素水平改变、菌群失调和食欲亢进。口服营养和结肠的存在是这种适应的两个主要积极驱动因素。本综述旨在总结自发性肠道适应的机制，特别是对肠道内容物（包括营养素）改变的反应的当前知识。未来，饮食干预可能用于治疗 SBS。
