Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology.
Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2020 Feb;3(1):e1156. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1156. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
Bone marrow is a common site of metastasis for a number of tumor types, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, but the mechanisms controlling tumor dormancy in bone are poorly understood. In breast cancer, while advances in drug development, screening practices, and surgical techniques have dramatically improved survival rates in recent decades, metastatic recurrence in the bone remains common and can develop years or decades after elimination of the primary tumor.
It is now understood that tumor cells disseminate to distant metastatic sites at early stages of tumor progression, leaving cancer survivors at a high risk of recurrence. This review will discuss mechanisms of bone lesion development and current theories of how dormant cancer cells behave in bone, as well as a number of processes suspected to be involved in the maintenance of and exit from dormancy in the bone microenvironment.
The bone is a complex microenvironment with a multitude of cell types and processes. Many of these factors, including angiogenesis, immune surveillance, and hypoxia, are thought to regulate tumor cell entry and exit from dormancy in different bone marrow niches.
骨髓是许多肿瘤类型（包括乳腺癌、前列腺癌和肺癌）转移的常见部位，但控制肿瘤在骨中休眠的机制还知之甚少。在乳腺癌中，尽管药物开发、筛查实践和手术技术的进步在最近几十年极大地提高了生存率，但骨转移的复发仍然很常见，并且可以在原发性肿瘤消除后数年或数十年发生。
现在人们已经了解到，肿瘤细胞在肿瘤进展的早期就已经扩散到远处的转移部位，使癌症幸存者处于高复发风险之中。这篇综述将讨论骨病变发展的机制以及目前关于休眠癌细胞在骨中行为的理论，以及许多被怀疑参与维持和退出骨微环境中休眠的过程。
骨骼是一个复杂的微环境，有多种细胞类型和过程。许多这些因素，包括血管生成、免疫监视和缺氧，被认为调节肿瘤细胞进入和退出休眠在不同的骨髓龛。
