McCartney Danielle, Benson Melissa J, Desbrow Ben, Irwin Christopher, Suraev Anastasia, McGregor Iain S
The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.
The University of Sydney, Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Sports Med Open. 2020 Jul 6;6(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s40798-020-00251-0.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa. CBD initially drew scientific interest due to its anticonvulsant properties but increasing evidence of other therapeutic effects has attracted the attention of additional clinical and non-clinical populations, including athletes. Unlike the intoxicating cannabinoid, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC), CBD is no longer prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency and appears to be safe and well-tolerated in humans. It has also become readily available in many countries with the introduction of over-the-counter "nutraceutical" products. The aim of this narrative review was to explore various physiological and psychological effects of CBD that may be relevant to the sport and/or exercise context and to identify key areas for future research. As direct studies of CBD and sports performance are is currently lacking, evidence for this narrative review was sourced from preclinical studies and a limited number of clinical trials in non-athlete populations. Preclinical studies have observed robust anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic effects of CBD in animal models. Preliminary preclinical evidence also suggests that CBD may protect against gastrointestinal damage associated with inflammation and promote healing of traumatic skeletal injuries. However, further research is required to confirm these observations. Early stage clinical studies suggest that CBD may be anxiolytic in "stress-inducing" situations and in individuals with anxiety disorders. While some case reports indicate that CBD improves sleep, robust evidence is currently lacking. Cognitive function and thermoregulation appear to be unaffected by CBD while effects on food intake, metabolic function, cardiovascular function, and infection require further study. CBD may exert a number of physiological, biochemical, and psychological effects with the potential to benefit athletes. However, well controlled, studies in athlete populations are required before definitive conclusions can be reached regarding the utility of CBD in supporting athletic performance.
大麻二酚（CBD）是一种从大麻中提取的无成瘾性大麻素。CBD最初因其抗惊厥特性而引起科学界的关注，但越来越多关于其他治疗作用的证据吸引了更多临床和非临床人群的注意，包括运动员。与成瘾性大麻素Δ-四氢大麻酚（Δ-THC）不同，CBD不再被世界反兴奋剂机构禁止，而且在人体中似乎是安全且耐受性良好的。随着非处方“营养保健品”的推出，它在许多国家也很容易获得。本叙述性综述的目的是探讨CBD的各种生理和心理效应，这些效应可能与运动和/或锻炼环境相关，并确定未来研究的关键领域。由于目前缺乏对CBD与运动表现的直接研究，本叙述性综述的证据来自临床前研究和对非运动员人群进行的有限数量的临床试验。临床前研究在动物模型中观察到了CBD强大的抗炎、神经保护和镇痛作用。初步的临床前证据还表明，CBD可能预防与炎症相关的胃肠道损伤，并促进创伤性骨骼损伤的愈合。然而，需要进一步研究来证实这些观察结果。早期临床研究表明，在“应激诱导”情况下以及焦虑症患者中，CBD可能具有抗焦虑作用。虽然一些病例报告表明CBD能改善睡眠，但目前缺乏确凿的证据。认知功能和体温调节似乎不受CBD影响，而其对食物摄入、代谢功能、心血管功能和感染的影响则需要进一步研究。CBD可能会产生一些生理、生化和心理效应，有可能使运动员受益。然而，在就CBD对支持运动表现的效用得出明确结论之前，需要在运动员人群中进行严格控制的研究。
