Koster Jeremy, McElreath Richard, Hill Kim, Yu Douglas, Shepard Glenn, van Vliet Nathalie, Gurven Michael, Trumble Benjamin, Bird Rebecca Bliege, Bird Douglas, Codding Brian, Coad Lauren, Pacheco-Cobos Luis, Winterhalder Bruce, Lupo Karen, Schmitt Dave, Sillitoe Paul, Franzen Margaret, Alvard Michael, Venkataraman Vivek, Kraft Thomas, Endicott Kirk, Beckerman Stephen, Marks Stuart A, Headland Thomas, Pangau-Adam Margaretha, Siren Anders, Kramer Karen, Greaves Russell, Reyes-García Victoria, Guèze Maximilien, Duda Romain, Fernández-Llamazares Álvaro, Gallois Sandrine, Napitupulu Lucentezza, Ellen Roy, Ziker John, Nielsen Martin R, Ready Elspeth, Healey Christopher, Ross Cody
Department of Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Department of Human Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2020 Jun 24;6(26):eaax9070. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9070. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Human adaptation depends on the integration of slow life history, complex production skills, and extensive sociality. Refining and testing models of the evolution of human life history and cultural learning benefit from increasingly accurate measurement of knowledge, skills, and rates of production with age. We pursue this goal by inferring hunters' increases and declines of skill from approximately 23,000 hunting records generated by more than 1800 individuals at 40 locations. The data reveal an average age of peak productivity between 30 and 35 years of age, although high skill is maintained throughout much of adulthood. In addition, there is substantial variation both among individuals and sites. Within study sites, variation among individuals depends more on heterogeneity in rates of decline than in rates of increase. This analysis sharpens questions about the coevolution of human life history and cultural adaptation.
人类的适应性取决于缓慢的生活史、复杂的生产技能和广泛的社会性的整合。完善和测试人类生活史与文化学习进化的模型，受益于对不同年龄段知识、技能和生产速率的日益精确的测量。我们通过从40个地点的1800多人产生的约23000条狩猎记录中推断猎人技能的增减来实现这一目标。数据显示，生产力峰值的平均年龄在30至35岁之间，尽管在成年期的大部分时间里都保持着高技能。此外，个体和地点之间存在很大差异。在研究地点内，个体之间的差异更多地取决于下降速率的异质性，而不是增长速率的异质性。这一分析使关于人类生活史和文化适应共同进化的问题更加尖锐。
