Lane R S, Lavoie P E
Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;539:192-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31853.x.
The relative abundance of, and spirochetal-infection rates in, adult ixodid ticks from eight Lyme borreliosis clinical-case areas and two comparison areas were investigated in northern California from late fall to early spring, 1984-87. The western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) was the most abundant species at seven of nine sites yielding specimens as determined with a tick drag method. The Pacific Coast tick (Dermacentor occidentalis) was the most abundant species at two sites, and lesser numbers of this tick and the American dog tick (D. variabilis) were obtained from seven and two sites, respectively. Abundance of I. pacificus adults varied in clinical-case areas as well as in the comparison areas, and was not correlated significantly with spirochetal infection rates in this tick. Overall, spirochetes were detected in 1.4 and 1.0% of the adult I. pacificus collected from clinical case (n = 857) and comparison sites (n = 383), respectively, and in 0.8% of adult D. occidentalis (n = 253) from one comparison area. An additional 244 D. occidentalis adults from all other sites were tested with negative results. Five spirochetal isolates recovered from I. pacificus adults were identified as Borrelia burgdorferi with specific monoclonal antibodies. Seven of 10 patients interviewed reportedly contracted their infections in summer, and six presented with a history of tick bite. Nine patients owned or occasionally harbored one or more dogs, and at least one of the dogs contracted Lyme borreliosis at the same site as its owner. Clinical manifestations of the disease in human patients included erythema migrans (100%), arthritis/arthralgia (60%), neurologic abnormalities (60%), and cardiac involvement (20%). Four of nine patients whose sera were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence contained significant antibody titers to B. burgdorferi.
1984年秋末至1987年春初，在加利福尼亚州北部对来自八个莱姆病临床病例区和两个对照区的成年硬蜱的相对丰度和螺旋体感染率进行了调查。用蜱虫拖行法确定，在九个采集到标本的地点中，有七个地点西部黑腿蜱（太平洋硬蜱）是最丰富的物种。太平洋海岸蜱（西方革蜱）在两个地点是最丰富的物种，分别从七个和两个地点采集到较少数量的这种蜱以及美洲犬蜱（变异革蜱）。太平洋硬蜱成虫的丰度在临床病例区和对照区均有变化，且与该蜱的螺旋体感染率无显著相关性。总体而言，分别从临床病例地点（n = 857）和对照地点（n = 383）采集的成年太平洋硬蜱中，检测到螺旋体的比例为1.4%和1.0%，在一个对照区采集的成年西方革蜱（n = 253）中为0.8%。对来自所有其他地点的另外244只成年西方革蜱进行检测，结果均为阴性。用特异性单克隆抗体将从成年太平洋硬蜱中分离出的5株螺旋体鉴定为伯氏疏螺旋体。据报道，接受访谈的10名患者中有7名在夏季感染，6名有蜱叮咬史。9名患者拥有或偶尔饲养一只或多只狗，且至少有一只狗与其主人在同一地点感染了莱姆病。人类患者的疾病临床表现包括游走性红斑（100%）、关节炎/关节痛（60%）、神经异常（60%）和心脏受累（20%）。通过间接免疫荧光法检测血清的9名患者中有4名对伯氏疏螺旋体含有显著抗体滴度。
