Martins Vitor L, Neves Herbert R, Monje Ivonne E, Leite Marina M, Oliveira Paulo F M DE, Antoniassi Rodolfo M, Chauque Susana, Morais William G, Melo Eduardo C, Obana Thiago T, Souza Breno L, Torresi Roberto M
Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2020;92(2):e20200796. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200796. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 recognized the importance of Li-ion batteries and the revolution they allowed to happen during the past three decades. They are part of a broader class of electrochemical energy storage devices, which are employed where electrical energy is needed on demand and so, the electrochemical energy is converted into electrical energy as required by the application. This opens a variety of possibilities on the utilization of energy storage devices, beyond the well-known mobile applications, assisting on the decarbonization of energy production and distribution. In this series of reviews in two parts, two main types of energy storage devices will be explored: electrochemical capacitors (part I) and rechargeable batteries (part II). More specifically, we will discuss about the materials used in each type of device, their main role in the energy storage process, their advantages and drawbacks and, especially, strategies to improve their performance. In the present part, electrochemical capacitors will be addressed. Their fundamental difference to batteries is explained considering the process at the electrode/electrolyte surface and the impact in performance. Materials used in electrochemical capacitors, including double layer capacitors and pseudocapacitive materials will be reviewed, highlighting the importance of electrolytes. As an important part of these strategies, synthetic routes for the production of nanoparticles will also be approached (part I).
2019年诺贝尔化学奖认可了锂离子电池的重要性以及它们在过去三十年所引发的变革。它们属于一类更广泛的电化学储能装置，这类装置应用于需要按需提供电能的场合，因此，电化学能会根据应用需求转化为电能。这为储能装置的利用开辟了各种可能性，不仅局限于广为人知的移动应用领域，还能助力能源生产和分配的脱碳进程。在这篇分为两部分的系列综述中，将探讨两种主要类型的储能装置：电化学电容器（第一部分）和可充电电池（第二部分）。更具体地说，我们将讨论每种装置所使用的材料、它们在储能过程中的主要作用、优缺点，尤其是提高其性能的策略。在本部分中，将讨论电化学电容器。通过考虑电极/电解质表面的过程及其对性能的影响，解释了它们与电池的根本区别。将综述电化学电容器中使用的材料，包括双电层电容器和赝电容材料，强调电解质的重要性。作为这些策略的重要组成部分，还将探讨纳米颗粒生产的合成路线（第一部分）。
