School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 514400, China.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 514400, China.
Viruses. 2020 Jul 6;12(7):727. doi: 10.3390/v12070727.
With the frequent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases in recent years, an effective broad-spectrum antiviral drug is becoming an urgent need for global public health. Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and its enzymatic products 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a well-known oxysterol that regulates lipid metabolism, have been reported to play multiple functions in modulating cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation, and immune responses. CH25H and 25HC were recently identified as exerting broadly antiviral activities, including upon a variety of highly pathogenic viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Nipah virus (NiV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). The underlying mechanisms for its antiviral activities are being extensively investigated but have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we summarized the current findings on how CH25H and 25HC play multiple roles to modulate cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and antiviral infections. Overall, 25HC should be further studied as a potential therapeutic agent to control emerging infectious diseases in the future.
近年来，新发传染病频繁爆发，一种有效的广谱抗病毒药物正成为全球公共卫生的迫切需求。胆固醇-25-羟化酶（CH25H）及其酶产物 25-羟胆固醇（25HC），一种调节脂代谢的著名氧化固醇，已被报道在调节胆固醇稳态、炎症和免疫反应方面具有多种功能。CH25H 和 25HC 最近被确定具有广泛的抗病毒活性，包括针对多种高致病性病毒，如人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、埃博拉病毒（EBOV）、尼帕病毒（NiV）、裂谷热病毒（RVFV）和寨卡病毒（ZIKV）。其抗病毒活性的潜在机制正在广泛研究中，但尚未完全阐明。在这项研究中，我们总结了目前关于 CH25H 和 25HC 如何发挥多种作用来调节胆固醇代谢、炎症、免疫和抗病毒感染的发现。总的来说，25HC 应该作为一种潜在的治疗剂在未来进一步研究，以控制新发传染病。
