Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2020 Oct;26(5):2455-2460. doi: 10.1007/s11948-020-00241-1.
The benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine are unquestionable and it is unlikely that the pace of its development will slow down. From better diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention to more precise surgical procedures, AI has the potential to offer unique opportunities to enhance patient care and improve clinical practice overall. However, at this stage of AI technology development it is unclear whether it will de-humanize or re-humanize medicine. Will AI allow clinicians to spend less time on administrative tasks and technology related procedures and more time being present in person to attend to the needs of their patients? Or will AI dramatically increase the presence of smart technology in the clinical context to a point of undermining the humane dimension of the patient-physician relationship? In this brief commentary, we argue that technological solutions should be only integrated into clinical medicine if they fulfill the following three conditions: (1) they serve human ends; (2) they respect personal identity; and (3) they promote human interaction. These three conditions form the moral imperative of humanity.
人工智能（AI）在医学中的益处是毋庸置疑的，而且它的发展速度不太可能放缓。从更好的诊断、预后和预防到更精确的手术程序，人工智能有可能提供独特的机会来增强患者护理并整体改善临床实践。然而，在人工智能技术发展的现阶段，尚不清楚它将使医学去人性化还是重新人性化。人工智能是否会让临床医生花更少的时间在行政任务和与技术相关的程序上，而花更多的时间亲自照顾患者的需求？还是人工智能会大幅增加智能技术在临床环境中的存在，以至于破坏医患关系的人性化层面？在这篇简短的评论中，我们认为只有在以下三种情况下，技术解决方案才应整合到临床医学中：（1）它们服务于人类目的；（2）它们尊重个人身份；（3）它们促进人类互动。这三个条件构成了人类的道德命令。
