Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
Center for Bioethics, Medical Humanities, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.
J Emerg Med. 2022 Apr;62(4):492-499. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.01.001. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
Artificial intelligence (AI) can be described as the use of computers to perform tasks that formerly required human cognition. The American Medical Association prefers the term 'augmented intelligence' over 'artificial intelligence' to emphasize the assistive role of computers in enhancing physician skills as opposed to replacing them. The integration of AI into emergency medicine, and clinical practice at large, has increased in recent years, and that trend is likely to continue.
AI has demonstrated substantial potential benefit for physicians and patients. These benefits are transforming the therapeutic relationship from the traditional physician-patient dyad into a triadic doctor-patient-machine relationship. New AI technologies, however, require careful vetting, legal standards, patient safeguards, and provider education. Emergency physicians (EPs) should recognize the limits and risks of AI as well as its potential benefits.
EPs must learn to partner with, not capitulate to, AI. AI has proven to be superior to, or on a par with, certain physician skills, such as interpreting radiographs and making diagnoses based on visual cues, such as skin cancer. AI can provide cognitive assistance, but EPs must interpret AI results within the clinical context of individual patients. They must also advocate for patient confidentiality, professional liability coverage, and the essential role of specialty-trained EPs.
人工智能（AI）可以被描述为使用计算机来执行以前需要人类认知的任务。美国医学协会更喜欢使用“增强智能”而不是“人工智能”，以强调计算机在增强医生技能方面的辅助作用，而不是取代它们。近年来，人工智能已经越来越多地融入急诊医学和临床实践中，而且这种趋势很可能会持续下去。
人工智能已经为医生和患者带来了巨大的潜在好处。这些好处正在将治疗关系从传统的医患二元关系转变为医生-患者-机器的三方关系。然而，新的人工智能技术需要经过仔细的审查、法律标准、患者保护和提供者教育。急诊医师（EP）应该认识到人工智能的局限性和风险，以及其潜在的好处。
EP 必须学会与人工智能合作，而不是屈从于人工智能。人工智能已经被证明在某些医生技能方面优于或与某些医生技能相当，例如解读 X 光片和根据视觉线索（如皮肤癌）做出诊断。人工智能可以提供认知辅助，但 EP 必须在个体患者的临床背景下解释人工智能的结果。他们还必须倡导患者的保密性、专业责任保险和经过专业培训的 EP 的重要作用。
