Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
Chempluschem. 2020 Jul;85(7):1465-1480. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202000248.
Cells use biomolecules to convey information. For instance, neurons communicate by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters, including several monoamines. The information transmitted by neurons is, in part, coded in the type and amount of neurotransmitter released, the spatial distribution of release sites, the frequency of release events, and the diffusion range of the neurotransmitter. Therefore, quantitative information about neurotransmitters at the (sub)cellular level with high spatiotemporal resolution is needed to understand how complex cellular networks function. So far, various analytical methods have been developed and used to detect neurotransmitter secretion from cells. However, each method has limitations with respect to chemical, temporal and spatial resolution. In this review, we focus on emerging methods for optical detection of neurotransmitter release and discuss fluorescent sensors/probes for monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. We focus on the latest advances in near infrared fluorescent carbon nanotube-based sensors and engineered fluorescent proteins for monoamine imaging, which provide high spatial and temporal resolution suitable for examining the release of monoamines from cells in cellular networks.
细胞使用生物分子来传递信息。例如，神经元通过释放称为神经递质的化学物质进行通信，包括几种单胺类物质。神经元传递的信息部分编码在释放的神经递质的类型和数量、释放位点的空间分布、释放事件的频率以及神经递质的扩散范围。因此，需要具有高时空分辨率的（亚）细胞水平上的关于神经递质的定量信息，以了解复杂的细胞网络如何发挥作用。到目前为止，已经开发并使用了各种分析方法来检测细胞中的神经递质分泌。然而，每种方法在化学、时间和空间分辨率方面都有其局限性。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了用于检测神经递质释放的新兴光学方法，并讨论了用于检测多巴胺和血清素等单胺类神经递质的荧光传感器/探针。我们重点介绍了近红外荧光碳纳米管基传感器和工程化荧光蛋白在单胺成像方面的最新进展，这些进展为考察细胞网络中单胺从细胞中的释放提供了高时空分辨率，非常适合进行考察。
