Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Vet Med Sci. 2021 Jan;7(1):25-34. doi: 10.1002/vms3.321. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
Equines are subject to infection with many parasites, which threaten their health. In the present study, we systematically reviewed existing literature on the prevalence of endo- and ectoparasites of equines in Iran. Major electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scientific Information Database (SID), were searched (Last updated 11/05/2018) for relevant literature of parasites that have been identified from equines in Iran. Of the 1809 titles produced by bibliographic search, 38 were included in the review. Twenty-seven of the studies were on horses, six on donkeys, three on both horses and donkeys, and one study was on both horses and mules. Furthermore, 24 of the studies reported infections caused by protozoa, thirteen by helminths, two by ectoparasites, and one by both protozoa and helminths. The overall pooled prevalence of parasitic infection was 28.8% (95%CI: 22.9-35.7, I = 93.4%). Helminths were the most prevalent parasites 46.7% (95% CI: 24.1-70.7, I = 96.0%). Furthermore, donkeys were the most affected equine, with a prevalence of 70.7% (95% CI: 53.2-83.7, I = 92.5%). The protozoa frequently reported included nine species belonging to the genera: Neospora, Toxoplasma, Theileria, Babesia and Eimeria. Also, the helminths frequently reported included 21 species belonging to the genera: Strongylus, Dicrocoelium, Oxyuris, Habronema, Echinococcus, Dictyocaulus, Cyathostomum, Probstmayria, Anoplocephala, Setaria and Fasciola. Ticks were the only ectoparasites frequently reported. Parasitic fly species of the genera Gasterophilus were also reported. The study-level risk of bias was likely to be high because of differences in study design. Parasitic infections of equines in Iran are frequent and caused by a diversity of parasites, which threatens the health and well-being of these animals. Further research is needed in the area to identify the risk factors of infection for effective control of the parasites.
马属动物易感染多种寄生虫，这威胁着它们的健康。本研究系统地综述了伊朗马属动物内、外寄生虫流行情况的现有文献。主要电子数据库，包括 PubMed、PubMed Central、Google Scholar、Science Direct 和 Scientific Information Database（SID），对从伊朗马属动物中鉴定出的寄生虫相关文献进行了检索（最后更新日期：2018 年 5 月 11 日）。通过文献检索产生了 1809 个标题，其中 38 个纳入了综述。27 项研究为马，6 项为驴，3 项为马和驴，1 项为马和骡。此外，24 项研究报告了由原生动物引起的感染，13 项由蠕虫引起，2 项由外寄生虫引起，1 项由原生动物和蠕虫共同引起。寄生虫感染的总合并患病率为 28.8%（95%CI：22.9-35.7，I 2=93.4%）。蠕虫是最常见的寄生虫，患病率为 46.7%（95%CI：24.1-70.7，I 2=96.0%）。此外，驴是受影响最严重的马属动物，患病率为 70.7%（95%CI：53.2-83.7，I 2=92.5%）。经常报告的原生动物包括属于以下属的 9 个种：新孢子虫、弓形虫、泰勒虫、巴贝斯虫和艾美耳球虫。此外，经常报告的蠕虫包括 21 个种，属于以下属：Strongylus、Dicrocoelium、Oxyuris、Habronema、Echinococcus、Dictyocaulus、Cyathostomum、Probstmayria、Anoplocephala、Setaria 和 Fasciola。蜱是唯一经常报告的外寄生虫。还报告了属于 Gasterophilus 属的寄生蝇种。由于研究设计的差异，研究水平的偏倚风险可能很高。伊朗马属动物的寄生虫感染很常见，由多种寄生虫引起，这威胁着这些动物的健康和福利。需要在该领域进行进一步研究，以确定感染的危险因素，从而有效控制寄生虫。
