Rocha Cabrero Franklyn, De Jesus Orlando
Harbor UCLA Medical Center
University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Neurosurgery Section
Hemiballismus is a hyperkinetic involuntary movement disorder characterized by intermittent, sudden, violent, involuntary, flinging, or ballistic high amplitude movements involving the ipsilateral arm and leg caused by dysfunction in the central nervous system of the contralateral side. Hemiballismus falls as the most severe form within the spectrum of chorea. Chorea is an involuntary movement disorder characterized by brief, sudden, spontaneous, non-stereotyped, and dance-like movements in one side of the body. The classic medical school textbook localizes the lesion to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the nucleus hypothalamicus/corpus Luys; however, other research also localizes the lesions in other parts of the basal ganglia and caudate nucleus.
偏身投掷症是一种运动亢进性非自主运动障碍，其特征为对侧中枢神经系统功能障碍引起的同侧手臂和腿部间歇性、突然、剧烈、非自主、甩动或弹道式高幅度运动。偏身投掷症是舞蹈症谱系中最严重的一种形式。舞蹈症是一种非自主运动障碍，其特征为身体一侧出现短暂、突然、自发、无定型且类似舞蹈的运动。经典的医学院教科书将病变定位于丘脑底核（STN）或下丘脑/路易体；然而，其他研究也将病变定位于基底神经节和尾状核的其他部位。
