Libretti Sabrina, Puckett Yana
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
Orlando Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida
Homeostasis is a term that was first coined by physiologist Walter Cannon in 1926, clarifying the 'milieu intérieur' that fellow physiologist Claude Bernard had spoken of in 1865. 'Homeo,' Latinized from the Greek word 'homio,' means 'similar to,' and when combined with the Greek word 'stasis,' meaning 'standing still' gives us the term that is a cornerstone of physiology. Carl Richter proposed that behavioral responses were also responsible for maintaining homeostasis in addition to the previously proposed internal control system, while James Hardy gave us the concept of a setpoint or desired physiological range of values that homeostasis accomplishes. The body's many functions, beginning at the cellular level, operate as to not deviate from a narrow range of internal balance, a state known as dynamic equilibrium, despite changes in the external environment. Those changes in the external environment alter the composition of the extracellular fluid surrounding the individual cells of the body, but a narrow range must be maintained to stave off the death of cells, tissues, and organs.
内稳态是生理学家沃尔特·坎农于1926年首次提出的术语，它阐明了生理学家克劳德·伯纳德在1865年提到的“内环境”。“Homeo”源自希腊语单词“homio”，拉丁化为“相似”之意，与希腊语单词“stasis”（意为“静止”）相结合，便形成了这个生理学的基石术语。卡尔·里奇特提出，除了先前提出的内部控制系统外，行为反应也负责维持内稳态，而詹姆斯·哈代则为我们提供了设定点或内稳态所实现的理想生理值范围的概念。身体的许多功能从细胞层面开始运作，尽管外部环境发生变化，但仍能保持在一个狭窄的内部平衡范围内，即动态平衡状态，不会偏离。外部环境的这些变化会改变身体各个细胞周围细胞外液的成分，但必须维持一个狭窄的范围以避免细胞、组织和器官死亡。
