Oliver Stacey, Gosden-Kaye Emily Z, Winkler Dianne, Douglas Jacinta M
Summer Foundation Ltd, Melbourne, Australia.
Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Apr;44(7):1141-1155. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1785023. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
Worldwide, disability systems are moving away from congregated living towards individualized models of housing. Individualized housing aims to provide choice regarding living arrangements and the option to live in houses in the community, just like people without disability. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine what is currently known about outcomes associated with individualized housing for adults with disability and complex needs.
Five databases were systematically searched to find studies that reported on outcomes associated with individualized housing for adults (aged 18-65 years) with disability and complex needs.
Individualized housing was positively associated with human rights (i.e., self-determination, choice and autonomy) outcomes. Individualized housing also demonstrated favourable outcomes in regards to domestic tasks, social relationships, challenging behaviour and mood. However, outcomes regarding adaptive behaviour, self-care, scheduled activities and safety showed no difference, or less favourable results, when compared to group homes.
The literature indicates that individualized housing has favourable outcomes for people with disability, particularly for human rights. Quality formal and informal supports were identified as important for positive outcomes in individualized housing. Future research should use clear and consistent terminology and longitudinal research methods to investigate individualized housing outcomes for people with disability.Implications for rehabilitationIndividualized housing models can foster self-determination, choice and autonomy for adults with disability and complex needs.Having alignment between paid and informal support is important for positive outcomes of individualized housing arrangements.A more substantial evidence base regarding individualized housing outcomes, in particular long-term outcomes, and outcomes for people with an acquired disability, is required.
在全球范围内，残疾服务体系正从集体居住模式转向个性化住房模式。个性化住房旨在提供居住安排方面的选择，并让残疾人能够像非残疾人一样选择居住在社区中的房屋。本综述的目的是确定目前已知的关于为有复杂需求的成年残疾人提供个性化住房所产生的结果。
系统检索了五个数据库，以查找报告了为年龄在18至65岁之间、有复杂需求的成年残疾人提供个性化住房所产生结果的研究。
个性化住房与人权（即自决、选择和自主）结果呈正相关。个性化住房在家庭任务、社会关系、挑战性行为和情绪方面也显示出良好结果。然而，与集体之家相比，在适应性行为、自我照顾、预定活动和安全方面的结果没有差异，或者结果不太理想。
文献表明，个性化住房对残疾人有良好结果，特别是在人权方面。高质量的正式和非正式支持被认为对个性化住房取得积极结果很重要。未来的研究应该使用清晰一致的术语和纵向研究方法来调查残疾人个性化住房的结果。对康复的启示个性化住房模式可以促进有复杂需求的成年残疾人的自决、选择和自主。有偿支持和非正式支持之间的协调一致对个性化住房安排取得积极结果很重要。需要一个更坚实的证据基础来证明个性化住房的结果，特别是长期结果，以及后天性残疾者的结果。
