Oberdisse Julian
Laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux (LCVN), Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France.
Soft Matter. 2006 Dec 12;2(1):29-36. doi: 10.1039/b511959f.
Colloidal nanoparticles may possess many functional properties, whose nature may be electronic, chemical, biological, mechanical, . It is often advantageous to incorporate them into a matrix material, , a polymer solution or melt, or an elastomer, in order to obtain a 'nanomaterial' with additional properties brought in by the filler particles. One of the basic but nonetheless crucial properties is the mechanical strength of such polymer nanocomposites, whose rheological (or mechanical) properties are usually better than those of the pure matrix. The precise origin of this mechanical reinforcement effect, however, remains unclear. In this context, some recent studies of the structure and mechanical properties of a special type of nanocomposites are reviewed here. In silica-latex systems, a latex film with silica inclusions is formed from a colloidal solution of both components. During drying of the solution, the formation of silica domains can be controlled the physico-chemical properties of the solution. Well-defined silica aggregates embedded in a polymer matrix can be generated, and the mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposite have been shown to be directly correlated to the average structure. We believe that the fine-tuning of the structure of the filler phase opens new perspectives for systematic studies of the reinforcement effect, , by modifying filler-polymer interfacial properties at fixed structure, or by generating original structures.
胶体纳米颗粒可能具有许多功能特性，其性质可能是电子、化学、生物、机械等方面的。将它们掺入基质材料中，如聚合物溶液或熔体，或弹性体，通常是有利的，以便获得具有由填料颗粒带来的附加特性的“纳米材料”。这种聚合物纳米复合材料的基本但至关重要的特性之一是其机械强度，其流变（或机械）性能通常优于纯基质。然而，这种机械增强效应的确切来源仍不清楚。在此背景下，本文综述了一些关于特殊类型纳米复合材料结构和机械性能的最新研究。在二氧化硅-乳胶体系中，由两种组分的胶体溶液形成含有二氧化硅夹杂物的乳胶膜。在溶液干燥过程中，二氧化硅域的形成可以通过溶液的物理化学性质来控制。可以生成嵌入聚合物基质中的明确的二氧化硅聚集体，并且已表明所得纳米复合材料的机械性能与平均结构直接相关。我们认为，填料相结构的微调为系统研究增强效应开辟了新的视角，例如通过在固定结构下改变填料-聚合物界面性质，或通过生成原始结构。
