College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ, 07054, USA.
Vet Res. 2020 Jul 9;51(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s13567-020-00810-z.
Influenza A viruses evolve rapidly to escape host immunity. In swine, this viral evolution has resulted in the emergence of multiple H1 and H3 influenza A virus (IAV) lineages in the United States (US) pig populations. The heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy is a promising way to deal with diverse IAV infection in multiple animal models. However, whether or not this vaccination strategy is applicable to US swine to impart immunity against infection from North American strains of IAV is still unknown. We performed a vaccination-challenge study to evaluate the protective efficacy of using multivalent inactivated vaccine and/or a live attenuated IAV vaccine (LAIV) in pigs following multiple prime-boost vaccination protocols against a simultaneous H1N1 and H3N2 IAV infection. Our data show that pigs in the heterologous prime-boost vaccination group had more favorable outcomes consistent with a better response against virus challenge than non-vaccinated pigs. Additionally, delivering a multivalent heterologous inactivated vaccine boost to pigs following a single LAIV administration was also beneficial. We concluded the heterologous prime boost vaccination strategy may potentiate responses to suboptimal immunogens and holds the potential applicability to control IAV in the North American swine industry. However, more studies are needed to validate the application of this vaccination approach under field conditions.
甲型流感病毒迅速进化以逃避宿主免疫。在美国猪群中，这种病毒进化导致了多种 H1 和 H3 甲型流感病毒（IAV）谱系的出现。异源初免-加强免疫接种策略是应对多种动物模型中 IAV 感染的一种有前途的方法。然而，这种接种策略是否适用于美国猪，以赋予对来自北美的 IAV 菌株的感染的免疫力，目前尚不清楚。我们进行了一项接种-挑战研究，以评估在多次初免-加强免疫接种方案后，使用多价灭活疫苗和/或减毒活 IAV 疫苗（LAIV）对猪进行免疫接种，以预防同时发生的 H1N1 和 H3N2 IAV 感染的保护效果。我们的数据表明，与未接种疫苗的猪相比，异源初免-加强免疫接种组的猪具有更有利的结果，这与对病毒挑战的更好反应一致。此外，在单次 LAIV 给药后向猪提供多价异源灭活疫苗加强也有益。我们得出结论，异源初免-加强免疫接种策略可能增强对次优免疫原的反应，并有可能在北美养猪业中控制 IAV。然而，需要更多的研究来验证在田间条件下应用这种接种方法的适用性。
