Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nat Rev Urol. 2020 Aug;17(8):459-468. doi: 10.1038/s41585-020-0348-2. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) represent the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease in children. Increasing evidence points to critical roles for the urothelium in the developing urinary tract and in the genesis of CAKUTs. The involvement of the urothelium in patterning the urinary tract is supported by evidence that CAKUTs can arise as a result of abnormal urothelial development. Emerging evidence indicates that congenital urinary tract obstruction triggers urothelial remodelling that stabilizes the obstructed kidney and limits renal injury. Finally, the diagnostic potential of radiological findings and urinary biomarkers derived from the urothelium of patients with CAKUTs might aid their contribution to clinical care.
先天性肾和尿路畸形（CAKUT）是儿童慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病的主要原因。越来越多的证据表明尿路上皮在发育中的尿路和 CAKUT 的发生中起着关键作用。CAKUT 可因尿路上皮发育异常而发生，这一证据支持了尿路上皮在尿路形成中的作用。新出现的证据表明，先天性尿路梗阻引发尿路上皮重塑，从而稳定梗阻肾脏并限制肾损伤。最后，CAKUT 患者的影像学表现和源自尿路上皮的尿生物标志物的诊断潜力可能有助于它们为临床护理做出贡献。
