Video-based evaluation of infant crawling toward quantitative assessment of motor development.

This study proposes a quantitative evaluation support system for infant motor development and uses the system to analyze hands-and-knees creeping and belly crawling. This system measures movements using two video cameras and extracts movement features via background and inter-frame subtractions of original images. Eight evaluation indices for each crawling cycle are calculated, enabling markerless movement analysis of infants. Cross-sectional analysis of 16 10-month-olds confirmed significant differences between hands-and-knees creeping and belly crawling in five of the eight indices, demonstrating the system capability to quantitatively differentiate between creeping and crawling. Longitudinal analysis of one infant (aged 7-10 months) also suggested that the proposed quantitative indices can follow changes in crawling characteristics and evaluate infants' motor development process. The results from the experiments suggest that the proposed system may enable diagnosis support in clinical practice.