Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Drug Res Rev. 2020;12(2):158-167. doi: 10.2174/2589977512666200710171905.
The average age of using illicit drugs for the first time in adolescents has decreased in Iran over the past years. Studies show that family and environment play a notable role in keeping adolescents away from substances.
The present study is an attempt to develop and validate a model-based questionnaire to measure parental factors related to substance use prevention in adolescents.
This methodological study was carried out on 336 parents of high school students in Sabzevar- Iran, in 2018. The first draft of the questionnaire, including 136 items, was developed based on the constructs of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) using similar questionnaires, literature review, and interviewing 9 qualified experts. The validity of the questionnaire was measured through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis). The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. SPSS ver. 16 and LISREL ver. 8.2 software was used for statistical analysis.
Throughout the validation process, 35 items were omitted, and the final version of the questionnaire consisting of 101 items was developed. The overall content validity ratio was 0.81, which indicates the proper and understandable content of the items. The overall content validity index was 0.96, which indicates excellent expert validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.85 (constructs range= 0.73-0.96), and the intraclass correlation coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.78 (constructs range= 0.46-0.91), which indicates that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Further, the confirmatory factor analysis yielded an appropriate fit for the model (RMSEA= 0.069, χ2/df= 2.77, GFI= 0.60, AGFI= 0.83, CFI= 0.83, NNFI= 0.83).
The validity and reliability of the HPM-based questionnaire were supported. Therefore, the questionnaire can be used by health educators and health policymakers in empowerment programs for parents to improve their behavioral skills concerning the prevention of substance use in their adolescents.
在过去的几年里，伊朗青少年首次使用非法药物的平均年龄有所下降。研究表明，家庭和环境在使青少年远离物质方面起着重要作用。
本研究旨在开发和验证一种基于模型的问卷，以测量与青少年预防物质使用相关的父母因素。
本方法学研究于 2018 年在伊朗萨布泽瓦尔对 336 名高中生的家长进行。问卷的初稿包括 136 个项目，是基于健康促进模型（HPM）的结构，使用类似的问卷、文献回顾和采访 9 名合格专家构建的。通过表面效度（定性和定量）、内容效度（定性和定量）和结构效度（验证性因子分析）来衡量问卷的有效性。问卷的信度通过内部一致性和重测信度来衡量。统计分析使用了 SPSS 版本 16 和 LISREL 版本 8.2 软件。
在整个验证过程中，删除了 35 个项目，最终形成了由 101 个项目组成的问卷终稿。总的内容效度比为 0.81，表明项目内容恰当易懂。总的内容效度指数为 0.96，表明专家有效性很高。问卷的 Cronbach's alpha 系数为 0.85（结构范围为 0.73-0.96），问卷的组内相关系数为 0.78（结构范围为 0.46-0.91），表明问卷具有良好的内部一致性和重测信度。进一步的验证性因子分析表明，该模型具有适当的拟合度（RMSEA=0.069，χ2/df=2.77，GFI=0.60，AGFI=0.83，CFI=0.83，NNFI=0.83）。
HPM 为基础的问卷的有效性和可靠性得到了支持。因此，健康教育者和卫生政策制定者可以在赋权计划中使用该问卷，以提高家长在预防青少年物质使用方面的行为技能。
