DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Shakuntla Misra National Rehabilitation University, Mohaan Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226017, India.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Oct 1;202:110885. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110885. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Silicon (Si) is a metalloid which is gaining worldwide attention of plant scientists due to its ameliorating impact on plants' growth and development. The beneficial response of Si is observed predominantly under numerous abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, under favorable conditions, most of the plant can grow without it. Therefore, Si has yet not been fully accepted as essential element rather it is being considered as quasi-essential for plants' growth. Si is also known to enhance resilience in plants by reducing the plant's stress. Besides its second most abundance on the earth crust, most of the soils lack plant available form of Si i.e. silicic acid. In this regard, understanding the role of Si in plant metabolism, its uptake from roots and transport to aerial tissues along with its ionomics and proteomics under different circumstances is of great concern. Plants have evolved a well-optimized Si-transport system including various transporter proteins like Low silicon1 (Lsi1), Low silicon2 (Lsi2), Low silicon3 (Lsi3) and Low silicon6 (Lsi6) at specific sub-cellular locations along with the expression profiling that creates precisely coordinated network among these transporters, which also facilitate uptake and accumulation of Si. Though, an ample amount of information is available pertinent to the solute specificity, active sites, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of these transporter genes. Similarly, the information regarding transporters involved in Si accumulation in different organelles is also available particularly in silica cells occurred in poales. But in this review, we have attempted to compile studies related to plants vis à vis Si, its role in abiotic and biotic stress, its uptake in various parts of plants via different types of Si-transporters, expression pattern, localization and the solute specificity. Besides these, this review will also provide the compiled knowledge about the genetic variation among crop plants vis à vis enhanced Si uptake and related benefits.
硅（Si）是一种类金属，由于其对植物生长和发育的改善作用，正引起植物科学家的全球关注。在许多非生物和生物胁迫条件下，都观察到 Si 的有益反应。然而，在有利条件下，大多数植物可以在没有 Si 的情况下生长。因此，Si 尚未被完全接受为必需元素，而是被认为是植物生长的准必需元素。Si 还被认为可以通过降低植物的应激来增强植物的弹性。除了在地壳中含量第二丰富外，大多数土壤缺乏植物可用的 Si 形式，即硅酸。在这方面，了解 Si 在植物代谢中的作用、植物从根部吸收 Si 并沿其向空气组织运输的过程，以及在不同情况下的离子组学和蛋白质组学，是非常重要的。植物已经进化出了一个很好的 Si 运输系统，包括各种转运蛋白，如低硅 1（Lsi1）、低硅 2（Lsi2）、低硅 3（Lsi3）和低硅 6（Lsi6），它们在特定的亚细胞位置表达，形成了这些转运蛋白之间精确协调的网络，这也促进了 Si 的吸收和积累。尽管如此，对于这些转运蛋白的溶质特异性、活性位点、转录和转录后调控，已经有大量的信息可用。同样，关于不同细胞器中 Si 积累所涉及的转运蛋白的信息，特别是在禾本科植物的硅细胞中，也已经有了相关报道。但在本综述中，我们试图编译与植物有关的 Si 及其在非生物和生物胁迫中的作用、Si 在植物不同部位通过不同类型的 Si 转运蛋白的吸收、表达模式、定位和溶质特异性的研究。除此之外，本综述还将提供关于作物植物之间遗传变异的综合知识，以增强 Si 的吸收和相关效益。
