Zenteno-Rojas Adalberto, Martínez-Romero Esperanza, Castañeda-Valbuena Daniel, Rincón-Molina Clara Ivette, Ruíz-Valdiviezo Víctor Manuel, Meza-Gordillo Rocío, Villalobos-Maldonado Juan José, Vences-Guzmán Miguel Ángel, Rincón-Rosales Reiner
Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km, 1080, CP 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av, Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
AMB Express. 2020 Jul 10;10(1):124. doi: 10.1186/s13568-020-01058-8.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of high-risk synthetic substances for human and environmental health. Currently, the study of sites contaminated by the spillage of equipment PCBs containing have been considered targeted areas for the study of bacterial communities with potential for PCBs degradation. There in isolation of bacterial strains is vital for use in biodegradable processes, such as bacterial bioaugmentation, which accelerates the development of phenomena such as natural attenuation of contaminated sites. The objective of this study was to assess biodiversity of bacteria contained in anthropogenic contaminated soils (H and H) with PCBs compared to a control sample without contaminant and the modified forest (F) and agricultural (A) soil in the laboratory with 100 mg L PCB. For the analysis of 16S rRNA genes amplified from DNA extracted from the soils evaluated, the latest generation of Illumina Miseq and Sanger sequencing for the cultivable strains were detected. The bacteria identified as the most abundant bacterial phyla for H and H soil was Proteobacteria (56.7%) and Firmicutes (22.9%), which decreased in F and A soils. The most abundant bacterial genera were Burkholderia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Comamonas and Cupriavidus. Several species identified in this study, such as Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, Comamonas testosteroni and Acinetobacter pittii have been reported as PCBs degraders. Finally, by means of a principal component analysis (PCA), a correlation between the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils in relation to the relative abundances of the bacteria identified was obtained. The C/N ratio was directly related to the control soil (without contaminant), while SOM maintained a relationship with F and A soils and the bacterial abundances were directly related to Hs and Hp soils due to the presence of aroclor 1260. Bacteria with the ability to tolerate high concentrations of this pollutant are considered for future use in biostimulation and bioaugmentation processes in contaminated soils.
多氯联苯（PCBs）等持久性有机污染物是对人类和环境健康构成高风险的一类合成物质。目前，对受含多氯联苯设备泄漏污染场地的研究已被视为具有多氯联苯降解潜力的细菌群落研究的目标区域。在那里，分离细菌菌株对于用于生物可降解过程至关重要，例如细菌生物强化，这可以加速受污染场地自然衰减等现象的发展。本研究的目的是在实验室中，以100 mg/L多氯联苯评估受人为污染的含多氯联苯土壤（H和H）中所含细菌的生物多样性，并与未受污染的对照样品以及改良森林（F）和农业（A）土壤进行比较。对于从所评估土壤中提取的DNA扩增的16S rRNA基因分析，检测了最新一代的Illumina Miseq以及可培养菌株的桑格测序。在H和H土壤中鉴定出的最丰富细菌门是变形菌门（56.7%）和厚壁菌门（22.9%），在F和A土壤中则有所减少。最丰富的细菌属是伯克霍尔德氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属、不动杆菌属、丛毛单胞菌属和贪铜菌属。本研究中鉴定出的几种物种，如蜡样芽孢杆菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌和皮氏不动杆菌，已被报道为多氯联苯降解菌。最后，通过主成分分析（PCA），得出了土壤物理和化学特征与所鉴定细菌相对丰度之间的相关性。碳氮比与对照土壤（未受污染）直接相关，而土壤有机碳与F和A土壤保持一种关系，由于存在氯丹1260，细菌丰度与Hs和Hp土壤直接相关。具有耐受高浓度这种污染物能力的细菌被考虑未来用于污染土壤的生物刺激和生物强化过程。
