Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland.
Bond University Medical Program, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Clin Transplant. 2020 Oct;34(10):e14034. doi: 10.1111/ctr.14034. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
Non-directed living donors are individuals who donate a kidney to a recipient with whom they have neither a genetic nor emotional relationship. Israel legalized this type of donation in 2008. After this law was implemented, living donations significantly expanded. The aim of this article was to determine the motivations, characteristics, and perioperative experiences of non-directed living donors in Israel. Three online questionnaires (own questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Rushton Self-Report Altruism Scale) were distributed to 180 Jewish kidney donors with the help of Matnat Chaim organization. One hundred and fifteen responses were received (69.3% response rate). The motivation for most donors (60%) was a strong willingness to help and a desire to do good. The majority of donors (78.3%) reported their health status as unchanged after donation; however, 16.5% experienced clinical problems (eg, wound infection, more pain than expected), and 5.2% experienced psychological complications. About 18% reported their health to improve after donation. Most (80%) inspired someone else to also become a kidney donor. This study breaks the myth that Jews do not support organ donation. In fact, their high level of altruism and their positive experience with donation has propelled the practice of non-directed donation in Israel.
非定向活体供者是指与受者既没有遗传关系也没有情感关系，而将肾脏捐献给受者的个体。以色列于 2008 年使这种类型的捐赠合法化。该法律实施后，活体捐赠显著增加。本文旨在确定以色列非定向活体供者的动机、特征和围手术期经历。在 Matnat Chaim 组织的帮助下，向 180 名犹太裔肾脏供者分发了 3 份在线问卷（自有问卷、罗森伯格自尊量表（RSES）、拉什顿自我报告利他主义量表）。共收到 115 份回复（回复率为 69.3%）。大多数供者（60%）的动机是强烈的帮助意愿和做好事的愿望。大多数供者（78.3%）报告捐赠后健康状况保持不变；然而，16.5%的供者出现临床问题（例如，伤口感染，比预期更痛），5.2%的供者出现心理并发症。约 18%的供者报告捐赠后健康状况改善。大多数（80%）供者激励他人也成为肾脏供者。这项研究打破了犹太人不支持器官捐赠的神话。事实上，他们的高度利他主义和积极的捐赠体验推动了以色列非定向捐赠的实践。
