Oral Medicine Division, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020 Oct;19(10):2497-2504. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13619. Epub 2020 Jul 29.
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) was developed by the pharmaceutical industry for aesthetical use in submental fat reduction. It represents the first lipolytic substance approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for fat reduction in that area.
This study presents an update of properties and the use of DCA, as well as adverse events and possible complications.
A search in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Bireme/LILACS databases was performed using the terms: "deoxycholic acid" OR "ATX-101" AND "injection" NOT "amphotericin" NOT "biliary" NOT "bile." Experimental studies developed in animals, clinical trials, literature reviews, case reports, and letters to the editor that included the DCA mechanism of action, dose, manner of use, adverse effects, and complications were selected.
The most frequent adverse events are edema, local pain, bruise, and numbness, which usually spontaneously regress. However, complications, including, skin necrosis, nerve injury, alopecia, and vascular events, can occur, demanding complex management without specific protocols.
Although DCA is beneficial for lysis of adipose tissue, clinicians should be aware about the adverse effects and risks involved with the use of this substance. The knowledge of local anatomy, properties, and adverse effects are fundamental to treatment with DCA.
脱氧胆酸（DCA）由制药行业开发，用于颏下脂肪减少的美容用途。它是第一个被食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准用于该区域脂肪减少的溶脂物质。
本研究介绍了 DCA 的特性和用途的最新更新，以及不良事件和可能的并发症。
使用术语“脱氧胆酸”或“ATX-101”和“注射”在 MEDLINE/PubMed、Cochrane 和 Bireme/LILACS 数据库中进行了搜索，排除了“两性霉素”、“胆汁”、“胆道”。选择了包括 DCA 作用机制、剂量、使用方式、不良反应和并发症的动物实验研究、临床试验、文献综述、病例报告和给编辑的信。
最常见的不良事件是水肿、局部疼痛、瘀伤和麻木，这些通常会自行消退。然而，可能会发生并发症，包括皮肤坏死、神经损伤、脱发和血管事件，需要复杂的管理而没有特定的方案。
尽管 DCA 有利于脂肪组织的溶解，但临床医生应该意识到使用这种物质所涉及的不良反应和风险。了解局部解剖结构、特性和不良反应是 DCA 治疗的基础。
