Yang Tse-Chuan, Park Kiwoong, Matthews Stephen A
Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 315 AS, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222.
Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Arkansas, 211 Old Main, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 72701.
Sociol Compass. 2020 Jun;14(6). doi: 10.1111/soc4.12794. Epub 2020 Apr 5.
Health researchers have investigated the association between racial segregation and racial health disparities with multilevel approaches. This study systematically reviews these multilevel studies and identifies broad trends and potential directions for future research on racial segregation and health disparities in the US. After searching databases including CINAHL and MEDLINE, we identified and systematically reviewed 66 articles published between 2003 and 2019 and found four major gaps in racial/ethnic segregation and health disparities: (a) the concept of segregation was rarely operationalized at the neighborhood level, (b) except for the evenness and exposure dimension, other dimensions of segregation are overlooked, (c) little attention was paid to the segregation between whites and non-black minorities, particularly Hispanics and Asians, and (d) mental health outcomes were largely absent. Future directions and opportunities include: First, other segregation dimensions should be explored. Second, the spatial scales for segregation measures should be clarified. Third, the theoretical frameworks for black and non-black minorities should be tested. Fourth, mental health, substance use, and the use of mental health care should be examined. Fifth, the long-term health effect of segregation has to be investigated, and finally, other competing explanations for why segregation matters at the neighborhood level should be answered.
健康研究人员采用多层次方法研究了种族隔离与种族健康差异之间的关联。本研究系统回顾了这些多层次研究，并确定了美国种族隔离与健康差异未来研究的广泛趋势和潜在方向。在检索包括护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）和医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）在内的数据库后，我们识别并系统回顾了2003年至2019年间发表的66篇文章，发现种族/族裔隔离与健康差异方面存在四个主要差距：（a）隔离概念在社区层面很少得到实施；（b）除了均匀性和暴露维度外，隔离的其他维度被忽视；（c）对白人与非黑人少数群体（特别是西班牙裔和亚裔）之间的隔离关注甚少；（d）心理健康结果基本未被涉及。未来的方向和机会包括：第一，应探索其他隔离维度。第二，应明确隔离措施的空间尺度。第三，应检验针对黑人和非黑人少数群体的理论框架。第四，应研究心理健康、物质使用以及心理保健的使用情况。第五，必须调查隔离对健康的长期影响，最后，应回答关于为什么隔离在社区层面很重要的其他竞争性解释。
