Assari Shervin, Boyce Shanika, Bazargan Mohsen, Caldwell Cleopatra H
Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059 USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA.
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2020 Jun;10(2):656-668. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe10020048. Epub 2020 Jun 16.
To investigate racial and ethnic differences in the protective effects of parental education and marital status against adolescents' depressed mood and suicidal attempts in the U.S. As proposed by the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), parental education generates fewer tangible outcomes for non-White compared to White families. Our existing knowledge is very limited regarding diminished returns of parental education and marital status on adolescents' depressed mood and suicidal attempts. To compare racial groups for the effects of parental education and marital status on adolescents' depressed mood and suicidal attempt. This cross-sectional study included 7076 non-Hispanic White or African American 8-11 years old adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variables were parental education and marital status. The main outcomes were depressed mood and suicidal attempts based on parents' reports using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Age and gender were the covariates. Race was the moderator. Logistic regression was used to analyze the ABCD data. Overall, parental education was associated with lower odds of depressed mood (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.67-0.99; p = 0.037) and having married parents was associated with lower odds of suicidal attempts (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.28-0.91; p = 0.022). In the pooled sample, we found interaction terms between race with parental education and marital status on the outcomes, suggesting that the protective effect of having married parents against depressed mood (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.00-2.37; p = 0.048) and the protective effect of having married parents against suicidal attempts (OR = 6.62; 95% CI = 2.21-19.86; p =0.001) are weaker for African Americans when compared to Whites. The protective effects of parent education and marital status against depressed mood and suicidal attempts are diminished for African American adolescents compared to White adolescents. There is a need for programs and interventions that equalize not only socioeconomic status (SES) but also the marginal returns of SES for racial minority groups. Such efforts require addressing structural and societal barriers that hinder African American families from translating their SES resources and human capital into tangible outcomes. There is a need for studies that can minimize MDRs for African American families, so that every individual and every family can benefit from their resources regardless of their skin color. To achieve such a goal, we need to help middle-class African American families secure tangible outcomes in the presence of SES resources.
在美国，调查父母教育程度和婚姻状况对青少年抑郁情绪和自杀企图的保护作用中的种族和族裔差异。如“边缘化相关收益递减”（MDRs）理论所提出的，与白人家庭相比，父母教育程度为非白人家庭带来的实际成果更少。我们目前对父母教育程度和婚姻状况在青少年抑郁情绪和自杀企图方面收益递减的了解非常有限。比较不同种族群体中父母教育程度和婚姻状况对青少年抑郁情绪和自杀企图的影响。这项横断面研究纳入了来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的7076名8至11岁的非西班牙裔白人或非裔美国青少年。自变量为父母教育程度和婚姻状况。主要结果是基于父母使用儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症评定量表（K-SADS）报告的抑郁情绪和自杀企图。年龄和性别为协变量。种族为调节变量。使用逻辑回归分析ABCD数据。总体而言，父母教育程度与较低的抑郁情绪几率相关（OR = 0.81；95%CI = 0.67 - 0.99；p = 0.037），父母已婚与较低的自杀企图几率相关（OR = 0.50；95%CI = 0.28 - 0.91；p = 0.022）。在汇总样本中，我们发现种族与父母教育程度和婚姻状况在结果上存在交互项，这表明与白人相比，父母已婚对非裔美国人抑郁情绪的保护作用（OR = 1.54；95%CI = 1.00 - 2.37；p = 0.048）以及父母已婚对自杀企图的保护作用（OR = 6.62；95%CI = 2.21 - 19.86；p = 0.001）较弱。与白人青少年相比，父母教育程度和婚姻状况对非裔美国青少年抑郁情绪和自杀企图的保护作用减弱。需要开展项目和干预措施，不仅要平衡社会经济地位（SES），还要平衡种族少数群体SES的边际收益。这些努力需要解决阻碍非裔美国家庭将其SES资源和人力资本转化为实际成果的结构性和社会障碍。需要进行研究，以尽量减少非裔美国家庭的MDRs，使每个个体和每个家庭无论肤色如何都能从其资源中受益。为实现这一目标，我们需要帮助中产阶级非裔美国家庭在拥有SES资源的情况下获得实际成果。
