De Montfort University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2020 Nov;46(11):2153-2162. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000935. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
Two visual world experiments investigated the priming of form (e.g., phonology) during language processing. In Experiment 1, participants heard high cloze probability sentences like "In order to have a closer look, the dentist asked the man to open his . . ." while viewing visual arrays with objects like a predictable target mouth, phonological competitor mouse, and unrelated distractors. In Experiment 2, participants heard target-associated nouns like "dentist" that were isolated from the sentences in Experiment 1 while viewing the same visual arrays. In both experiments, participants fixated the target (e.g., mouth) most, but also fixated the phonological competitor (e.g., mouse) more than unrelated distractors. Taken together, these results are interpreted as supporting association-based mechanisms in prediction, such that activation spreads across both semantics and form within the mental lexicon (e.g., dentist-mouth-mouse) and likewise primes (i.e., preactivates) the form of upcoming words during sentence processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
两项视觉世界实验研究了语言处理过程中形式（例如，语音）的启动。在实验 1 中，参与者在听高 cloze 概率句子（如“In order to have a closer look, the dentist asked the man to open his...”）的同时，观看视觉数组，其中有像可预测目标口、语音竞争对手鼠标和不相关干扰物等物体。在实验 2 中，参与者听到了与目标相关的名词（如“dentist”），这些名词与实验 1 中的句子分离，同时观看相同的视觉数组。在这两个实验中，参与者注视目标（例如，口）的时间最长，但也比不相关的干扰物注视语音竞争对手（例如，鼠标）的时间更长。综合来看，这些结果被解释为支持预测中的基于联想的机制，即激活在心理词汇（例如，dentist-mouth-mouse）中在语义和形式上都传播开来，并且同样在句子处理过程中对即将到来的单词的形式进行预激活（即预先激活）。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
