Assari Shervin, Akhlaghipour Golnoush, Boyce Shanika, Bazargan Mohsen, Caldwell Cleopatra H
Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Children (Basel). 2020 Jul 9;7(7):75. doi: 10.3390/children7070075.
Reward sensitivity (fun-seeking) is a risk factor for a wide range of high-risk behaviors. While high socioeconomic status (SES) is known to reduce reward sensitivity and associated high-risk behaviors, less is known about the differential effects of SES on reward sensitivity. It is plausible to expect weaker protective effects of family SES on reward sensitivity in racial minorities, a pattern called Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs). We compared Caucasian and African American (AA) children for the effects of subjective family SES on children's fun-seeking. This was a cross-sectional analysis of 7061 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was subjective family SES. The main outcome was children's fun-seeking measured by the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral avoidance system (BIS). Age, gender, marital status, and household size were the covariates. In the overall sample, high subjective family SES was associated with lower levels of fun-seeking. We also found a statistically significant interaction between race and subjective family SES on children's fun-seeking in the overall sample, suggesting that high subjective family SES is associated with a weaker effect on reducing fun-seeking among AA than Caucasian children. In race-stratified models, high subjective family SES was protective against fun-seeking of Caucasian but not AA children. Subjective family SES reduces the fun-seeking for Caucasian but not AA children.
奖赏敏感性（寻求乐趣）是一系列高风险行为的一个风险因素。虽然已知高社会经济地位（SES）会降低奖赏敏感性及相关的高风险行为，但关于SES对奖赏敏感性的差异影响却知之甚少。可以合理预期，家庭SES对少数族裔奖赏敏感性的保护作用较弱，这种模式被称为少数族裔的收益递减（MDRs）。我们比较了白种人和非裔美国（AA）儿童，以研究主观家庭SES对儿童寻求乐趣的影响。这是一项对来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的7061名儿童的横断面分析。自变量是主观家庭SES。主要结果是通过行为趋近系统（BAS）和行为回避系统（BIS）测量的儿童寻求乐趣程度。年龄、性别、婚姻状况和家庭规模是协变量。在总体样本中，高主观家庭SES与较低水平的寻求乐趣相关。我们还发现，在总体样本中，种族与主观家庭SES在儿童寻求乐趣方面存在统计学上的显著交互作用，这表明高主观家庭SES对AA儿童寻求乐趣减少的影响比对白种儿童的影响更弱。在按种族分层的模型中，高主观家庭SES对保护白种儿童而非AA儿童避免寻求乐趣有作用。主观家庭SES能降低白种儿童而非AA儿童的寻求乐趣程度。
