Van Ombergen Angelique, Rossiter Andrea, Ngo-Anh Thu Jennifer
SciSpacE team, Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration, European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
Exp Physiol. 2021 Jan;106(1):6-17. doi: 10.1113/EP088352. Epub 2020 Jul 27.
What is the topic of this review? Biomedical research at the Antarctic Concordia Station. What advances does it highlight? Overview of findings in psychology, neuroscience, sleep, cardiovascular physiology and immune system, relevant in isolated, confined and extreme environments and spaceflight.
Extended stays in isolated, confined and extreme (ICE) environments like Antarctica are associated with a whole set of psychological and physiological challenges for the crew. As such, winter-over stays at Antarctica provide an important opportunity to acquire knowledge into the physiological and psychological changes that ICE environments inevitably bring. The European Space Agency (ESA) is particularly interested in conducting research in such an environment, as it is a unique opportunity to translate these results to space crews experiencing very similar issues. In the past two decades, the ESA has supported a total of 36 biomedical research projects at the Concordia station in collaboration with the French and Italian polar institutes. More specifically, studies in the areas of psychology, neuroscience, sleep physiology, cardiovascular physiology and immunology were performed. The outcomes of these studies are directly relevant for people working in ICE environments, but also help to better understand the biomedical challenges of those environments. Consequently, they can help to better prepare for human space exploration and to identify countermeasures to minimize the adverse effects of space environments on astronaut health. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biomedical studies that have taken place in the past two decades at the Antarctic Concordia station and to summarize the results and their implication for human spaceflight.
本综述的主题是什么？南极康科迪亚站的生物医学研究。它突出了哪些进展？概述在孤立、受限和极端环境以及太空飞行中相关的心理学、神经科学、睡眠、心血管生理学和免疫系统方面的研究结果。
长时间呆在南极洲这样的孤立、受限和极端（ICE）环境中，会给工作人员带来一系列心理和生理挑战。因此，在南极洲越冬为了解ICE环境不可避免带来的生理和心理变化提供了重要机会。欧洲航天局（ESA）对在这样的环境中开展研究特别感兴趣，因为这是一个将这些结果应用于面临非常相似问题的太空船员的独特机会。在过去二十年里，ESA与法国和意大利极地研究所合作，在康科迪亚站总共支持了36个生物医学研究项目。更具体地说，开展了心理学、神经科学、睡眠生理学、心血管生理学和免疫学领域的研究。这些研究结果不仅与在ICE环境中工作的人员直接相关，还有助于更好地理解这些环境中的生物医学挑战。因此，它们有助于更好地为人类太空探索做准备，并确定应对措施，以尽量减少太空环境对宇航员健康的不利影响。本综述的目的是概述过去二十年来在南极康科迪亚站进行的生物医学研究，并总结研究结果及其对人类太空飞行的意义。
