Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 11, Partenon, postal code: 90619-900. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil..
Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 11, Partenon, postal code: 90619-900. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Sep 1;274:813-818. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.143. Epub 2020 May 31.
Significant heterogeneity is observed in the cognitive profiles of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD), characterized in part by differences in individual and clinical variables such as cognitive reserve (CR) and depression severity. However, no other study evaluated how this variables may interact regarding neurocognitive functioning. The aim of the present exploratory study was to evaluate the interaction between different depressive symptoms severity, CR and diagnosis with neurocognitive functioning.
202 participants (MDD=91; BD=111) classified either as euthymic, with mild depression or moderate to severe depression, and low or high CR completed a neuropsychological evaluation of verbal fluency, working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), cognitive flexibility (CF) and attention (Att).
Neuroprotective effects of CR were observed in patients with BD within a major depressive episode in WM, IC, FC and Att. In MDD, CR acted as a neuroprotective factor during euthymia and moderate to severe depression in the same cognitive functions. CR and depression severity differentiated the cognitive profiles of individuals with BD and MDD.
Some variables related to neurocognitive performance like medication use, number of mood episodes, illness duration or previous hospitalizations were not controlled.
CR may be protective against cognitive impairment in both BD and MDD, and these effects were observed in euthymia and during depressive episodes of varying severity. These findings highlight the importance of investigating such variables in the neuropsychological evaluation of mood disorders, which may help to understand the cognitive heterogeneity within these populations.
双相情感障碍 (BD) 和重度抑郁症 (MDD) 的认知特征存在显著异质性，部分特征表现为个体和临床变量的差异，如认知储备 (CR) 和抑郁严重程度。然而，没有其他研究评估这些变量在神经认知功能方面的相互作用。本探索性研究旨在评估不同抑郁严重程度、CR 和诊断与神经认知功能之间的相互作用。
202 名参与者（MDD=91；BD=111）分为轻躁狂、轻度抑郁、中重度抑郁，CR 低或高，完成了言语流畅性、工作记忆 (WM)、抑制控制 (IC)、认知灵活性 (CF) 和注意力 (Att) 的神经心理学评估。
在 BD 患者的重度抑郁发作中，CR 对 WM、IC、FC 和 Att 的神经保护作用。在 MDD 中，CR 在轻躁狂和中重度抑郁期间作为神经保护因素在相同的认知功能中发挥作用。CR 和抑郁严重程度区分了 BD 和 MDD 个体的认知特征。
一些与神经认知表现相关的变量，如用药、心境发作次数、疾病持续时间或以前的住院治疗，没有得到控制。
CR 可能对 BD 和 MDD 的认知障碍具有保护作用，并且在轻躁狂和不同严重程度的抑郁发作期间都能观察到这些作用。这些发现强调了在心境障碍的神经心理评估中研究这些变量的重要性，这可能有助于理解这些人群的认知异质性。
