Lucas Andrew, Yasa Joe, Lucas Michaela
School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Western Australia (UWA) Perth WA Australia.
Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine School of Medicine and Pharmacology The University of Western Australia (UWA) Perth WA Australia.
Clin Transl Immunology. 2020 Jul 6;9(7):e1152. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1152. eCollection 2020.
The lung achieves an efficient gas exchange between a complex non-sterile atmosphere and the body via a delicate and extensive epithelial surface, with high efficiency because of elastic deformation allowing for an increase and decrease in volume during the process of breathing and because of an extensive vasculature which aids rapid gas diffusion. The lungs' large surface area exposes the organ to a continual risk of damage from pathogens, toxins or irritants; however, lung damage can be rapidly healed via regenerative processes that restore its structure and function. In response to sustained and extensive damage, the lung is healed via a non-regenerative process resulting in scar tissue which locally stiffens its structure, which over time leads to a serious loss of lung function and to increasing morbidities. This review discusses what is known about the factors which influence whether a lung is healed by regeneration or repair and what potential new therapeutic approaches may positively influence lung healing.
肺通过一个精细且广泛的上皮表面，在复杂的非无菌环境与身体之间实现高效的气体交换。其效率很高，这得益于弹性变形，使得在呼吸过程中肺的体积能够增大和缩小，还得益于广泛的脉管系统，它有助于气体快速扩散。肺的表面积很大，这使得该器官持续面临病原体、毒素或刺激物造成损伤的风险；然而，肺损伤可通过恢复其结构和功能的再生过程迅速愈合。针对持续且广泛的损伤，肺通过非再生过程愈合，形成瘢痕组织，使局部结构变硬，随着时间推移，这会导致肺功能严重丧失，并增加发病率。本综述讨论了已知的影响肺通过再生还是修复愈合的因素，以及哪些潜在的新治疗方法可能对肺愈合产生积极影响。
