Mullerpatan Rajani P, Agarwal Bela M, Shetty Triveni V
MGM Centre of Human Movement Science, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Int J Yoga. 2020 May-Aug;13(2):137-143. doi: 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_72_19. Epub 2020 May 1.
Limited information is available to understand the muscular demands of composite yogasanas such as Surya Namaskar, which is essential to guide prescription of Surya Namaskar in management of commonly prevalent musculoskeletal disorders such as back and knee pain.
Therefore, muscle activation pattern in prime accessible muscles of the trunk and lower extremity, namely lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius, was explored during the traditional 12-pose sequence of Surya Namaskar.
Muscle activity of 8 healthy trained yoga practitioners (5 females and 3 males) was recorded using wireless, eight-channel surface electromyography (sEMG) system at a sampling rate of 2000 Hz and bandwidth of 20-450 Hz. Data were processed using EMGworks analysis software, and root mean square values were normalized against muscle activity during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC).
The 12-pose sequence of Surya Namaskar activated muscles of the trunk, upper and lower extremities to a varying extent, in each pose. During sustenance, erector spinae demonstrated the highest muscle activation in Hastapadasana (64.7% MVC in Pose 3and 64.3% MVC in Pose 11), lower trapezius during Hastapadasana (41.9% MVC in Pose 3and 39.2% in Pose 11); latissimus dorsi during Bhujangasana (37.4% MVC), Ashtangasana (34.9% MVC), and Parvatasana (34.6% MVC in Pose 8,); gluteus maximus in Ashwa Sanchalanasana (38.5% MVC in Poses 9 and 4); and vastus lateralis in Ashwa Sanchalanasana (34.9% MVC). Rectus abdominis demonstrated low activation throughout Surya Namaskar, presenting the highest activation during Parvatasana (22.8% MVC). All recorded muscles demonstrated greater activation during transition compared to sustenance of pose.
Surya Namaskar elicited high-to-moderate muscle activation of major postural muscles of the trunk and lower extremity during alternating flexion-extension movements of the spine, supporting its prescription in prevention and management of mechanical low back pain among vulnerable groups of people.
关于诸如拜日式等复合瑜伽体式的肌肉需求，目前可获取的信息有限，而这对于指导拜日式在常见的肌肉骨骼疾病（如背痛和膝痛）管理中的处方制定至关重要。
因此，在传统的12式拜日式序列中，探究了躯干和下肢主要可触及肌肉（即下斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、腹直肌、臀大肌、股外侧肌和腓肠肌）的肌肉激活模式。
使用无线八通道表面肌电图（sEMG）系统，以2000Hz的采样率和20 - 450Hz的带宽，记录了8名健康的训练有素的瑜伽练习者（5名女性和3名男性）的肌肉活动。使用EMGworks分析软件对数据进行处理，并将均方根值相对于最大自主收缩（MVC）期间的肌肉活动进行归一化。
拜日式的12式序列在每个体式中都不同程度地激活了躯干、上肢和下肢的肌肉。在保持体式时，竖脊肌在战士一式（第3式中为64.7%MVC，第11式中为64.3%MVC）中表现出最高的肌肉激活；下斜方肌在战士一式中（第3式中为41.9%MVC，第11式中为39.2%）；背阔肌在眼镜蛇式中（37.4%MVC）、八体投地式中（34.9%MVC）和山式（第8式中为34.6%MVC）；臀大肌在骑马式（第9式和第4式中为38.5%MVC）；股外侧肌在骑马式（34.9%MVC）。腹直肌在整个拜日式过程中表现出较低的激活，在山式中表现出最高的激活（22.8%MVC）。与保持体式相比，所有记录的肌肉在体式转换期间表现出更大的激活。
在脊柱的交替屈伸运动中，拜日式引起了躯干和下肢主要姿势肌肉的中高度肌肉激活，支持其在易感人群机械性下背痛的预防和管理中的处方应用。
