Liu Jia, Zhang Chi, Zhu Yongjie, Liu Yunmeng, Sun Hongjin, Ristaniemi Tapani, Cong Fengyu, Parviainen Tiina
School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Jun 24;14:207. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00207. eCollection 2020.
The influence of motivation on selective visual attention in states of high vs. low vigilance is poorly understood. To explore the possible differences in the influence of motivation on behavioral performance and neural activity in high and low vigilance levels, we conducted a prolonged 2 h 20 min flanker task and provided monetary rewards during the 20- to 40- and 100- to 120-min intervals of task performance. Both the behavioral and electrophysiological measures were modulated by prolonged task engagement. Moreover, the effect of reward was different in high vs. low vigilance states. The monetary reward increased accuracy and decreased the reaction time (RT) and number of omitted responses in the low but not in the high vigilance state. The fatigue-related decrease in P300 amplitude recovered to its level in the high vigilance state by manipulating motivation, whereas the fatigue-related increase in P300 latency was not modulated by reward. Additionally, the fatigue-related increase in event-related spectral power at 1-4 Hz was sensitive to vigilance decrement and reward. However, the spectral power at 4-8 Hz was only affected by the decrease in vigilance. These electrophysiological measures were not influenced by motivation in the state of high vigilance. Our results suggest that neural processing capacity, but not the timing of processing, is sensitive to motivation. These findings also imply that the fatigue-related impairments in behavioral performance and neural activity underlying selective visual attention only partly recover after manipulating motivation. Furthermore, our results provide evidence for the dissociable neural mechanisms underlying the fatigue-related decrease vs. reward-related increase in attentional resources.
动机对高警觉与低警觉状态下选择性视觉注意的影响目前尚不清楚。为了探究动机对高、低警觉水平下行为表现和神经活动影响的可能差异，我们进行了一项长达2小时20分钟的侧翼任务，并在任务执行的20至40分钟以及100至120分钟间隔期间提供金钱奖励。行为和电生理测量指标均受到长时间任务参与的调节。此外，奖励在高警觉与低警觉状态下的效果有所不同。金钱奖励提高了低警觉状态下的准确性，缩短了反应时间（RT）并减少了遗漏反应的数量，但在高警觉状态下却没有。通过操纵动机，与疲劳相关的P300波幅下降恢复到了高警觉状态下的水平，而与疲劳相关的P300潜伏期增加并未受到奖励的调节。此外，1至4赫兹时与疲劳相关的事件相关谱功率增加对警觉性下降和奖励敏感。然而，4至8赫兹时的谱功率仅受警觉性下降的影响。这些电生理测量指标在高警觉状态下不受动机影响。我们的结果表明，神经处理能力而非处理时机对动机敏感。这些发现还意味着，在操纵动机后，选择性视觉注意背后行为表现和神经活动中与疲劳相关的损伤仅部分恢复。此外，我们的结果为注意力资源中与疲劳相关的减少和与奖励相关的增加背后可分离的神经机制提供了证据。
