Leonard McGee J, Bresee Catherine, Cruikshank Andrew
Animal Specialty and Emergency Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
The Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2014 Oct 31;5:153-158. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S69216. eCollection 2014.
This is a retrospective multicenter study (2006-2012) examining a population of dogs with moderate to severe crotalid envenomation for protective effects of the canine rattlesnake vaccine. Five nonacademic emergency and referral veterinary hospitals in Southern California were involved in the study and contributed records regarding a total of 82 client-owned dogs that were treated for naturally occurring rattlesnake envenomation. All dogs received antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent, with dosages ranging from one to three vials (mean: 1.3±0.6). Fourteen dogs (17%) had a history of prior vaccination against crotalid venom. In univariate logistic regression modeling, cases with lower body weight (=0.0001) or higher snakebite severity scores (0.0001) were associated with greater morbidity. No statistically significant difference in morbidity or mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs was found. The findings of this study did not identify a significantly protective effect of previous vaccination in the cases of moderate to severe rattlesnake envenomation that require treatment with antivenin.
这是一项回顾性多中心研究（2006 - 2012年），研究对象为患有中度至重度响尾蛇毒液中毒的犬类群体，以考察犬用响尾蛇疫苗的保护效果。南加州的五家非学术性急诊及转诊兽医医院参与了该研究，并提供了总共82只接受过自然发生的响尾蛇毒液中毒治疗的客户拥有犬的记录。所有犬均接受了多价抗蛇毒血清（响尾蛇科），剂量范围为1至3瓶（平均：1.3±0.6）。14只犬（17%）有过针对响尾蛇毒液的疫苗接种史。在单因素逻辑回归模型中，体重较低（=0.0001）或蛇咬伤严重程度评分较高（0.0001）的病例与更高的发病率相关。在接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的犬之间，未发现发病率或死亡率有统计学上的显著差异。本研究结果未发现先前接种疫苗在需要用抗蛇毒血清治疗的中度至重度响尾蛇毒液中毒病例中有显著的保护作用。
