Schick Luca, IJsseldijk Lonneke L, Grilo Miguel L, Lakemeyer Jan, Lehnert Kristina, Wohlsein Peter, Ewers Christa, Prenger-Berninghoff Ellen, Baumgärtner Wolfgang, Gröne Andrea, Kik Marja J L, Siebert Ursula
Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buesum, Germany.
Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 May 27;7:262. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00262. eCollection 2020.
In the North Sea, white-beaked dolphins () occur regularly and are the second most common cetacean in the area, while their close relative, the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (), prefers the deeper waters of the northern North Sea and adjacent Atlantic Ocean. Though strandings of both species have occurred regularly in the past three decades, they have decreased in the southern North Sea during the last years. Studies describing necropsy findings in stranded spp. are, to date, still scarce, while information gained through post-mortem examinations may reveal valuable information about underlying causes of this decline, including age structure and the reproduction status. Therefore, we retrospectively assessed and compared the necropsy results from fresh spp. stranded along the southeastern North Sea between 1990 and 2019. A full necropsy was performed on 24 white-beaked dolphins and three Atlantic white-sided dolphins from the German and Dutch coast. Samples of selected organs were taken for histopathological, bacteriological, mycological, parasitological and virological examinations. The most common post-mortem findings were emaciation, gastritis and pneumonia. Gastritis and ulceration of the stomach was often associated with an anisakid nematode infection. Pneumonia was most likely caused by bacterial infections. Encephalitis was observed in three animals and morbillivirus antigen was detected immunohistochemically in one case. Although the animal also showed pneumonic lesions, virus antigen was only found in the brain. Parasitic infections mainly affected the gastro-intestinal tract. Lungworm infections were only detected in two cases and no associations with pathological alterations were observed. spp. were identified in two of three cases of parasitic infections of the ears. Twelve of the 26 white-beaked dolphins stranded in Germany were found between 1993 and 1994, but there was no evidence of epizootic disease events or mass strandings during the monitored period.
在北海，白喙斑纹海豚（）经常出现，是该区域第二常见的鲸类动物，而它们的近亲——大西洋白侧海豚（）则更喜欢北海北部和相邻大西洋的较深水域。尽管在过去三十年中这两个物种都经常出现搁浅情况，但在过去几年里，它们在北海南部的搁浅数量有所减少。迄今为止，描述搁浅的斑纹海豚尸检结果的研究仍然很少，而通过尸检获得的信息可能会揭示有关这种减少的潜在原因的有价值信息，包括年龄结构和繁殖状况。因此，我们回顾性评估并比较了1990年至2019年间在北海东南部搁浅的新鲜斑纹海豚的尸检结果。对来自德国和荷兰海岸的24只白喙斑纹海豚和3只大西洋白侧海豚进行了全面尸检。采集了选定器官的样本进行组织病理学、细菌学、真菌学、寄生虫学和病毒学检查。最常见尸检结果是消瘦、胃炎和肺炎。胃炎和胃溃疡通常与异尖线虫感染有关。肺炎很可能是由细菌感染引起的。在三只动物中观察到脑炎，在一例中通过免疫组织化学检测到麻疹病毒抗原。尽管该动物也有肺部病变，但仅在大脑中发现病毒抗原。寄生虫感染主要影响胃肠道。仅在两例中检测到肺线虫感染，未观察到与病理改变的关联。在三例耳部寄生虫感染中有两例鉴定出了[具体寄生虫种类]。在德国搁浅的26只白喙斑纹海豚中有12只是在1993年至1994年期间发现的，但在监测期间没有证据表明发生了 epizootic 疾病事件或大规模搁浅。
