Ganda Fortune
Walter Sisulu University, Faculty of Management Sciences, Department of Accounting, Butterworth Campus, Private Bag X3182, Butterworth, 4980, South Africa.
Heliyon. 2020 Jul 7;6(7):e04387. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04387. eCollection 2020 Jul.
This paper analyses the impact of corruption on environmental sustainability in all 16 countries in the Southern region of Africa from 2010-2017. The paper uses two proxies of corruption: the Corruption Index and Corruption Ranking. Using two econometric methods, namely, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality test and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) techniques this study found largely congruent results on both causation and relationships, respectively. Firstly, the two indicators of corruption harmoniously show that corruption Granger causes the existing state of environmental sustainability in Southern African economies, and vice-versa. Moreover, in the short-run corruption was also found to worsen environmental sustainability for both regression models deployed using the two corruption indicators. In the long-term, the two measures of corruption conflicted with their findings. In this regard, though the relationship is contradicting in the long-run the corruption negative (becoming bad) effect of corruption ranking surpasses the corruption positive (becoming clean) effect of corruption index by nearly three times. This show how detrimental corruptible actions are to the natural environment. Overall, this paper consent to global reports explaining how Southern African environments are gradually deteriorating by putting corruption as one central practice causing extensive damage.
本文分析了2010年至2017年期间腐败对非洲南部地区所有16个国家环境可持续性的影响。本文使用了两个腐败指标：腐败指数和腐败排名。本研究采用两种计量经济学方法，即杜米特雷斯库和胡林（2012）格兰杰因果检验和广义矩方法（GMM）技术，分别在因果关系和相互关系方面得出了大致一致的结果。首先，两个腐败指标一致表明，腐败是南部非洲经济体环境可持续性现状的格兰杰原因，反之亦然。此外，在短期内，使用两个腐败指标进行的回归模型均显示，腐败也会恶化环境可持续性。从长期来看，这两个腐败指标的结果相互矛盾。在这方面，虽然长期关系相互矛盾，但腐败排名的负面（变差）影响比腐败指数的正面（变好）影响高出近三倍。这表明腐败行为对自然环境有多大的危害。总体而言，本文认同全球报告的观点，即腐败是造成广泛破坏的核心行为之一，导致南部非洲环境逐渐恶化。
