Autophagy and Tumorigenesis.

Tumour cells are derived from normal cells that undergo numerous genetic and epigenetic mutations under various stresses. This process involves changes in many intrinsic cellular mechanisms and in the microenvironment. Understanding the process is important for preventing tumorigenesis and tumour recurrence. Numerous studies have shown that sputum autophagy not only plays an important role in tumorigenesis but also has a dual role in tumour suppression and cancer promotion. On the one hand, excessive autophagy can cause apoptosis and death, thereby inducing an autophagic death mechanism that leads to the death of drug-resistant tumour cells in malignant tumours. On the other hand, autophagy can mediate tumour escape and promote the survival of tumour cells. With the expansion of in-depth research, increasing evidence has shown that the specific role of autophagy in tumorigenesis may be related to the specific stage of tumour development and specific tumour type.